Медиадискурс социально-психологической адаптации мигрантов и кандас в Казахстане
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2021.v62.i4.04Аннотация
Социально-психологическая адаптация мигрантов представляет собой сложный комплекс разноуровневых коммуникаций. Немаловажную роль в данном процессе играют СМИ, социальные сети и мессенджеры. В данном контексте авторы исследования сосредоточились на конструктивных возможностях медиа в сфере влияния на уровень коммуникативных компетенций мигрантов, их социальную адаптацию и включение в общенациональный казахстанский дискурс. Также авторы предложили собственную типологию моделей информационной поддержки тематики кандас в Казахстане: синхронная (событийная); асинхронная (рандомная); конвейерная (потоковая) и модель-концепция. Цель данной статьи – представить основные индикаторы информационной поддержки социально-психологической адаптации кандас в Казахстане, выявить детерминанты восприятия новой реальности, преодоления стресса аккультурации. Основной идеей исследования являются предложенные алгоритмы понимания запросов кандас, формулирование минусовых и позитивных расхождений с базовыми ожиданиями. Методология опроса казахстанцев и кандас позволила определить ряд проблем концептуального ряда, в числе которых средний уровень компетенций коренных казахстанцев по вопросам миграции и кандас, удовлетворительный отклик кандас на государственные программы и невысокий уровень доверия к некоторым формам коммуникаций внутри казахстанского общества. Основные результаты исследования позволили сформировать перечень дестабилизирующих факторов успешной социальной адаптации кандас и определить желаемую концепцию освещения данной темы в СМИ. С практической и ценностной точек зрения данный материал может экстраполироваться в концептуальную модель информационной работы с темой миграции и социально-психологической адаптацией кандас в Казахстане.
Ключевые слова: кандас, государственные программы, СМИ, иммигранты, социально-психологическая адаптация.
Библиографические ссылки
Азаттык, 2021. В 2021 году статус «кандас» получили 12,5 тысячи этнических казахов. Радио Азаттык. https://rus.azattyq.org/a/31449910.html
Азимжанова А. Истории казахов, вернувшихся на историческую родину. Zakon.kz, 2021. https://www.zakon.kz/5089884-istorii-kazahov-vernuvshihsya-na.html
Ben C.H. Kuo, 2012. Coping, acculturation, and psychological adaptation among migrants: a theoretical and empirical review and synthesis of the literature. An Open Access Journal, Volume 2, 2014 - Issue 1/ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21642850.2013.843459
Ben C.H. Kuo (2014) Coping, acculturation, and psychological adaptation among migrants: a theoretical and empirical review and synthesis of the literature, Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2:1, 16-33, DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2013.843459
Castles, Stephen & Mark J. Miller (1993): The Migratory Process and the Formation of Ethnic Minorities. Chapter 2. In: Castles, Stephen & Mark J. Miller (eds.), The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the Modern World. London: Macmillan Press, pp. 18-42.
Жалиев Н.Б., Джуманова Р.А. Неправильное применение термина «қандас» как препятствие консолидации общества. 07.06.2021. https://el.kz/ru/kandastar/detail/bez_granits/nepravilnoe_primenenie_termina_-andas-_kak_prepyatstvie_konsolidatsii_obshchestva/
Efremova G., Nesterova A., Suslova T. Constructivist Approach to the Problem of Social Psychological Adaptation of Migrants. Asian Social Science; Vol. 11, No. 1; 2015
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/93a9/353a3430c0ffaa9e080cb0d3c244b3a32aec.pdf
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745–774. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456
Pfetsch, Barbara (1999): "In Russia we were Germans, and now weare Russians." - Dilemmas of identity formation and and communication among German-Russian Aussiedler, WZB Discussion Paper, No. FS III 99-103, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin
Heppner, P. P. (2008). Expanding the conceptualization and measurement of applied problem solving and coping: From stages to dimensions to the almost forgotten cultural context. American Psychologist, 68, 805–816. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.63.8.805 [Crossref], [Web of Science ®].
Noh, S., & Kaspar, V. (2003). Perceived discrimination & depression: Moderating effects of coping, acculturation, and ethnic support. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 232–238. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.2.232
Спутник, 2021. Кандасы в Казахстане. Спутник, 18.05.2021.
https://ru.sputnik.kz/infographics/20210518/17086150/kandasy-kazakhstan.htmlhttps://ru.sputnik.kz/infographics/20210518/17086150/kandasy-kazakhstan.html
Спутник Регионы, 2021. «Поезд с сотнями кандасов прибыл из Туркменистана: их встретили с цветами и музыкой» https://ru.sputnik.kz/regions/20210515/17062251/poezd-kandasy-mangistau.html
Тумба KZ, 2021. Этнические казахи вернулись из Туркменистана в Мангистау. https://tumba.kz/58974.html
Valieva F., Sagimbayeva J., Kurmanayeva D., Tazhitova G. The Socio-Linguistic Adaptation of Migrants: The Case of Oralman Students’ Studying in Kazakhstan. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/9/3/164/review_report
Tatarko A., John W. Berry, Keunwon Choi. Social capital, acculturation attitudes, and sociocultural adaptation of migrants from central Asian republics and South Korea in Russia. January 2020. Asian Journal of Social Psychology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338575040_Social_capital_acculturation_attitudes_and_sociocultural_adaptation_of_migrants_from_central_Asian_republics_and_South_Korea_in_Russia
Solomos, John (1997): Citizenship, Multiculturalism and the Politics of Identity: Contemporary Dilemmas and Policy Agendas. Paper presented at the conference "Citizenship, Immigration and Xenophobia in Europe: Comparative Perspectives". Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin: November 13-15, 1997.
Zakon.kz, 2021. Этапы возвращения кандасов на историческую Родину – независимый Казахстан. 29 сентября 2021https://www.zakon.kz/5084699-etapy-vozvrashcheniya-kandasov-na.html
Yanfeng Liu, Yu Dong, Cong Song, Yuan Shi, Yingying Wang, Jiaping Liu, Dynamic process of behavioral adaptation of migrants with different thermal experiences: A long-term follow-up field survey, Energy and Buildings, Volume 207,2020.
Орынбаева Г. О казахах Китая и оралманах. Zakon.kz№ https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31339237&pos=3;-53#pos=3;-53
References
Azattyk, 2021. V 2021 godu status «kandas» poluchili 12,5 tysyachi etnicheskih kazahov [In 2021, 12.5 thousand ethnic Kazakhs received the status of "kandas"]. Radio Azattyk. https://rus.azattyq.org/a/31449910.html
Azimzhanova A. Istorii kazahov, vernuvshihsya na istoricheskuyu rodinu [Stories of Kazakhs who returned to their historical homeland]. Zakon.kz, 2021. https://www.zakon.kz/5089884-istorii-kazahov-vernuvshihsya-na.html
Ben C.H. Kuo, 2012. Coping, acculturation, and psychological adaptation among migrants: a theoretical and empirical review and synthesis of the literature. An Open Access Journal, Volume 2, 2014 - Issue 1/ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21642850.2013.843459
Ben C.H. Kuo (2014) Coping, acculturation, and psychological adaptation among migrants: a theoretical and empirical review and synthesis of the literature, Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2:1, 16-33, DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2013.843459
Castles, Stephen & Mark J. Miller (1993): The Migratory Process and the Formation of Ethnic Minorities. Chapter 2. In: Castles, Stephen & Mark J. Miller (eds.), The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the Modern World. London: Macmillan Press, pp. 18-42.
ZHaliev N.B., Dzhumanova R.A. Nepravil'noe primenenie termina «қandas» kak prepyatstvie konsolidacii obshchestva [Incorrect use of the term "kandas" as an obstacle to the consolidation of society]. 07.06.2021. https://el.kz/ru/kandastar/detail/bez_granits/nepravilnoe_primenenie_termina_-andas-_kak_prepyatstvie_konsolidatsii_obshchestva/
Efremova G., Nesterova A., Suslova T. Constructivist Approach to the Problem of Social Psychological Adaptation of Migrants. Asian Social Science; Vol. 11, No. 1; 2015
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/93a9/353a3430c0ffaa9e080cb0d3c244b3a32aec.pdf
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745–774. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456
Pfetsch, Barbara (1999): "In Russia we were Germans, and now weare Russians." - Dilemmas of identity formation and and communication among German-Russian Aussiedler, WZB Discussion Paper, No. FS III 99-103, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin
Heppner, P. P. (2008). Expanding the conceptualization and measurement of applied problem solving and coping: From stages to dimensions to the almost forgotten cultural context. American Psychologist, 68, 805–816. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.63.8.805 [Crossref], [Web of Science ®].
Noh, S., & Kaspar, V. (2003). Perceived discrimination & depression: Moderating effects of coping, acculturation, and ethnic support. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 232–238. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.2.232
Sputnik, 2021. Kandasy v Kazahstane [Kandas in Kazakhstan.]. Sputnik, 18.05.2021. https://ru.sputnik.kz/infographics/20210518/17086150/kandasy-kazakhstan.htmlhttps://ru.sputnik.kz/infographics/20210518/17086150/kandasy-kazakhstan.html
Sputnik Regiony, 2021. Poezd s sotnyami kandasov pribyl iz Turkmenistana: ih vstretili s cvetami i muzykoj» [A train with hundreds of Kandas arrived from Turkmenistan: they were greeted with flowers and music] https://ru.sputnik.kz/regions/20210515/17062251/poezd-kandasy-mangistau.html
Tumba KZ, 2021. Etnicheskie kazahi vernulis' iz Turkmenistana v Mangistau. [Ethnic Kazakhs returned from Turkmenistan to Mangistau] https://tumba.kz/58974.html
Valieva F., Sagimbayeva J., Kurmanayeva D., Tazhitova G. The Socio-Linguistic Adaptation of Migrants: The Case of Oralman Students’ Studying in Kazakhstan. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/9/3/164/review_report
Tatarko A., John W. Berry, Keunwon Choi. Social capital, acculturation attitudes, and sociocultural adaptation of migrants from central Asian republics and South Korea in Russia. January 2020. Asian Journal of Social Psychology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338575040_Social_capital_acculturation_attitudes_and_sociocultural_adaptation_of_migrants_from_central_Asian_republics_and_South_Korea_in_Russia
Solomos, John (1997): Citizenship, Multiculturalism and the Politics of Identity: Contemporary Dilemmas and Policy Agendas. Paper presented at the conference "Citizenship, Immigration and Xenophobia in Europe: Comparative Perspectives". Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin: November 13-15, 1997.
Zakon.kz, 2021. Etapy vozvrashcheniya kandasov na istoricheskuyu Rodinu – nezavisimyj Kazahstan [The stages of the return of the Kandases to their historical homeland - independent Kazakhstan]. 29 sentyabrya 2021https://www.zakon.kz/5084699-etapy-vozvrashcheniya-kandasov-na.html
Yanfeng Liu, Yu Dong, Cong Song, Yuan Shi, Yingying Wang, Jiaping Liu, Dynamic process of behavioral adaptation of migrants with different thermal experiences: A long-term follow-up field survey, Energy and Buildings, Volume 207,2020.
Orynbaeva G. O kazahah Kitaya i oralmanah [About the Kazakhs of China and Oralmans]. Zakon.kz№ https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31339237&pos=3;-53#pos=3;-53
Азимжанова А. Истории казахов, вернувшихся на историческую родину. Zakon.kz, 2021. https://www.zakon.kz/5089884-istorii-kazahov-vernuvshihsya-na.html
Ben C.H. Kuo, 2012. Coping, acculturation, and psychological adaptation among migrants: a theoretical and empirical review and synthesis of the literature. An Open Access Journal, Volume 2, 2014 - Issue 1/ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21642850.2013.843459
Ben C.H. Kuo (2014) Coping, acculturation, and psychological adaptation among migrants: a theoretical and empirical review and synthesis of the literature, Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2:1, 16-33, DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2013.843459
Castles, Stephen & Mark J. Miller (1993): The Migratory Process and the Formation of Ethnic Minorities. Chapter 2. In: Castles, Stephen & Mark J. Miller (eds.), The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the Modern World. London: Macmillan Press, pp. 18-42.
Жалиев Н.Б., Джуманова Р.А. Неправильное применение термина «қандас» как препятствие консолидации общества. 07.06.2021. https://el.kz/ru/kandastar/detail/bez_granits/nepravilnoe_primenenie_termina_-andas-_kak_prepyatstvie_konsolidatsii_obshchestva/
Efremova G., Nesterova A., Suslova T. Constructivist Approach to the Problem of Social Psychological Adaptation of Migrants. Asian Social Science; Vol. 11, No. 1; 2015
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/93a9/353a3430c0ffaa9e080cb0d3c244b3a32aec.pdf
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745–774. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456
Pfetsch, Barbara (1999): "In Russia we were Germans, and now weare Russians." - Dilemmas of identity formation and and communication among German-Russian Aussiedler, WZB Discussion Paper, No. FS III 99-103, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin
Heppner, P. P. (2008). Expanding the conceptualization and measurement of applied problem solving and coping: From stages to dimensions to the almost forgotten cultural context. American Psychologist, 68, 805–816. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.63.8.805 [Crossref], [Web of Science ®].
Noh, S., & Kaspar, V. (2003). Perceived discrimination & depression: Moderating effects of coping, acculturation, and ethnic support. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 232–238. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.2.232
Спутник, 2021. Кандасы в Казахстане. Спутник, 18.05.2021.
https://ru.sputnik.kz/infographics/20210518/17086150/kandasy-kazakhstan.htmlhttps://ru.sputnik.kz/infographics/20210518/17086150/kandasy-kazakhstan.html
Спутник Регионы, 2021. «Поезд с сотнями кандасов прибыл из Туркменистана: их встретили с цветами и музыкой» https://ru.sputnik.kz/regions/20210515/17062251/poezd-kandasy-mangistau.html
Тумба KZ, 2021. Этнические казахи вернулись из Туркменистана в Мангистау. https://tumba.kz/58974.html
Valieva F., Sagimbayeva J., Kurmanayeva D., Tazhitova G. The Socio-Linguistic Adaptation of Migrants: The Case of Oralman Students’ Studying in Kazakhstan. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/9/3/164/review_report
Tatarko A., John W. Berry, Keunwon Choi. Social capital, acculturation attitudes, and sociocultural adaptation of migrants from central Asian republics and South Korea in Russia. January 2020. Asian Journal of Social Psychology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338575040_Social_capital_acculturation_attitudes_and_sociocultural_adaptation_of_migrants_from_central_Asian_republics_and_South_Korea_in_Russia
Solomos, John (1997): Citizenship, Multiculturalism and the Politics of Identity: Contemporary Dilemmas and Policy Agendas. Paper presented at the conference "Citizenship, Immigration and Xenophobia in Europe: Comparative Perspectives". Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin: November 13-15, 1997.
Zakon.kz, 2021. Этапы возвращения кандасов на историческую Родину – независимый Казахстан. 29 сентября 2021https://www.zakon.kz/5084699-etapy-vozvrashcheniya-kandasov-na.html
Yanfeng Liu, Yu Dong, Cong Song, Yuan Shi, Yingying Wang, Jiaping Liu, Dynamic process of behavioral adaptation of migrants with different thermal experiences: A long-term follow-up field survey, Energy and Buildings, Volume 207,2020.
Орынбаева Г. О казахах Китая и оралманах. Zakon.kz№ https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31339237&pos=3;-53#pos=3;-53
References
Azattyk, 2021. V 2021 godu status «kandas» poluchili 12,5 tysyachi etnicheskih kazahov [In 2021, 12.5 thousand ethnic Kazakhs received the status of "kandas"]. Radio Azattyk. https://rus.azattyq.org/a/31449910.html
Azimzhanova A. Istorii kazahov, vernuvshihsya na istoricheskuyu rodinu [Stories of Kazakhs who returned to their historical homeland]. Zakon.kz, 2021. https://www.zakon.kz/5089884-istorii-kazahov-vernuvshihsya-na.html
Ben C.H. Kuo, 2012. Coping, acculturation, and psychological adaptation among migrants: a theoretical and empirical review and synthesis of the literature. An Open Access Journal, Volume 2, 2014 - Issue 1/ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21642850.2013.843459
Ben C.H. Kuo (2014) Coping, acculturation, and psychological adaptation among migrants: a theoretical and empirical review and synthesis of the literature, Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2:1, 16-33, DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2013.843459
Castles, Stephen & Mark J. Miller (1993): The Migratory Process and the Formation of Ethnic Minorities. Chapter 2. In: Castles, Stephen & Mark J. Miller (eds.), The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the Modern World. London: Macmillan Press, pp. 18-42.
ZHaliev N.B., Dzhumanova R.A. Nepravil'noe primenenie termina «қandas» kak prepyatstvie konsolidacii obshchestva [Incorrect use of the term "kandas" as an obstacle to the consolidation of society]. 07.06.2021. https://el.kz/ru/kandastar/detail/bez_granits/nepravilnoe_primenenie_termina_-andas-_kak_prepyatstvie_konsolidatsii_obshchestva/
Efremova G., Nesterova A., Suslova T. Constructivist Approach to the Problem of Social Psychological Adaptation of Migrants. Asian Social Science; Vol. 11, No. 1; 2015
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/93a9/353a3430c0ffaa9e080cb0d3c244b3a32aec.pdf
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745–774. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456
Pfetsch, Barbara (1999): "In Russia we were Germans, and now weare Russians." - Dilemmas of identity formation and and communication among German-Russian Aussiedler, WZB Discussion Paper, No. FS III 99-103, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin
Heppner, P. P. (2008). Expanding the conceptualization and measurement of applied problem solving and coping: From stages to dimensions to the almost forgotten cultural context. American Psychologist, 68, 805–816. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.63.8.805 [Crossref], [Web of Science ®].
Noh, S., & Kaspar, V. (2003). Perceived discrimination & depression: Moderating effects of coping, acculturation, and ethnic support. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 232–238. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.2.232
Sputnik, 2021. Kandasy v Kazahstane [Kandas in Kazakhstan.]. Sputnik, 18.05.2021. https://ru.sputnik.kz/infographics/20210518/17086150/kandasy-kazakhstan.htmlhttps://ru.sputnik.kz/infographics/20210518/17086150/kandasy-kazakhstan.html
Sputnik Regiony, 2021. Poezd s sotnyami kandasov pribyl iz Turkmenistana: ih vstretili s cvetami i muzykoj» [A train with hundreds of Kandas arrived from Turkmenistan: they were greeted with flowers and music] https://ru.sputnik.kz/regions/20210515/17062251/poezd-kandasy-mangistau.html
Tumba KZ, 2021. Etnicheskie kazahi vernulis' iz Turkmenistana v Mangistau. [Ethnic Kazakhs returned from Turkmenistan to Mangistau] https://tumba.kz/58974.html
Valieva F., Sagimbayeva J., Kurmanayeva D., Tazhitova G. The Socio-Linguistic Adaptation of Migrants: The Case of Oralman Students’ Studying in Kazakhstan. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/9/3/164/review_report
Tatarko A., John W. Berry, Keunwon Choi. Social capital, acculturation attitudes, and sociocultural adaptation of migrants from central Asian republics and South Korea in Russia. January 2020. Asian Journal of Social Psychology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338575040_Social_capital_acculturation_attitudes_and_sociocultural_adaptation_of_migrants_from_central_Asian_republics_and_South_Korea_in_Russia
Solomos, John (1997): Citizenship, Multiculturalism and the Politics of Identity: Contemporary Dilemmas and Policy Agendas. Paper presented at the conference "Citizenship, Immigration and Xenophobia in Europe: Comparative Perspectives". Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin: November 13-15, 1997.
Zakon.kz, 2021. Etapy vozvrashcheniya kandasov na istoricheskuyu Rodinu – nezavisimyj Kazahstan [The stages of the return of the Kandases to their historical homeland - independent Kazakhstan]. 29 sentyabrya 2021https://www.zakon.kz/5084699-etapy-vozvrashcheniya-kandasov-na.html
Yanfeng Liu, Yu Dong, Cong Song, Yuan Shi, Yingying Wang, Jiaping Liu, Dynamic process of behavioral adaptation of migrants with different thermal experiences: A long-term follow-up field survey, Energy and Buildings, Volume 207,2020.
Orynbaeva G. O kazahah Kitaya i oralmanah [About the Kazakhs of China and Oralmans]. Zakon.kz№ https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31339237&pos=3;-53#pos=3;-53
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2021-12-20
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Журналистика: Общество. История. Политика. Закон. Экономика.
