Media Literacy as a Tool to Counter Disinformation: International Approaches and the Kazakhstan Experience

Abstract

The modern information space is characterized by a high level of disinformation, which is especially relevant in the context of information warfare and hybrid conflicts. In this context, media literacy is considered a strategically important skill that helps citizens to resist manipulative influences.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of media literacy in countering disinformation and to develop effective approaches for integrating it into the educational environment. The study focuses on the theoretical foundations of media literacy, the forms and methods of disinformation, and the practical use of educational tools for developing critical thinking.

The scientific significance of the study lies in the comprehensive consideration of media literacy as an element of information security, and the practical significance lies in the testing and evaluation of the effectiveness of the author's media literacy course for journalism students.

The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach that includes the analysis of scientific sources, international recommendations (UNESCO, UN), and the conduct of a pedagogical experiment using qualitative and quantitative assessment methods.

The results show a significant increase in students' media competence, including their ability to recognize fake news, analyze sources, and understand the mechanisms of manipulation. There is also a growing interest in applying media literacy in their future professional activities.

The value of this work lies in creating a replicable model for teaching media literacy in universities, and its practical significance lies in the potential for implementing this model in training programs for journalists, media professionals, and educators to enhance resilience against disinformation in society.