Медийная грамотность и проверка фактов: часть вторая
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2020.v55.i1.01Ключевые слова:
медийная грамотность, фактчекинг, манипуляция, пропаганда, дезинформация.Аннотация
В данном выпуске публикуется вторая часть исследования автора из Мичиганского университета, посвященного проблемам идентификации и описания дезинформационного кризиса в СМИ и социальных медиа. Термин «фейковые новости» сегодня включает в себя широкий спектр манипулятивных технологий: «вычислительную пропаганду», «марионеточные сети», «армии троллей», анонимный источник, альтернативный факт, сплетни, обман, слухи, ложный контекст и др. Современное медиаполе все больше заполняется недостоверной информацией. Проблемы усугубляется высокими темпами развития технологических процессов и смещением глобального коммуникационного дискурса в социальные сети и интернет.
Цель статьи – изучить историю и эволюцию дезинформационного кризиса, представляющего серьезную угрозу открытым обществам по всему миру. Автор предлагает активизировать критическое мышление у молодежи, научить аудиторию интеллектуально распознавать и обрабатывать фальшивые новости, понимать необходимость критичного и независимого анализа поступающих новостей и фоновой информации.
Автор исследования считает, что медийная грамотность способствует пониманию роли СМИ в обществе, приобретению важных навыков исследования и самовыражения, необходимых аудитории. Навыки медиаграмотности также включают способность получать доступ к медиа, анализировать контент, оценивать сообщения и создавать медиа для общения и самовыражения. Обучение тому, как проверять факты, является важным компонентом обучения медиаграмотности, способом защиты от манипуляций и фальшивых новостей.
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Bordac, W. E. (2014). ‘Introduction to Media Literacy History’. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 6 (1): 1-2.
Bukovsky, V. Newberry Library. Available at http://newberrylibrary.tumblr.com/post/46957606597/i-myself-create-it-edit-it-censor-it-publish Center for Media Literacy. Available at http://www.medialit.org/
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Mourão, R. R. & Robertson, C. T. (2019). ‘Fake News as Centrifugal Diversification: A Content Analysis of Sites that Publish False, Misleading, Hyperpartisan and Sensational
Information’. Journalism Studies.
Morganthaler, D. (2010). ‘Voices of Media Literacy: International Pioneers Speak: Cary
Bazalgette Interview Transcript’. Center for Media Literacy. Available at http://www.medialit.org/reading-room/voices-media- literacy-international-pioneers-speak-cary-bazalgette-interview-transcript
Nikolayenko, O. (2015). ‘Youth Media Consumption and Perceptions of Electoral Integrity in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.’ Demokratizatsiya, 23 (3): 257-276.
Oeldorf-Hirsch, A., & Srinivasan, P. (2018). ‘News Finds Them and Then What? How Post- Millennials Engage with Social and Mobile Media News’. Paper presented to the Association for Education in Journalism & Mass Communication.
O’Grady, S. (2018). ‘In Cameroon, Journalists Are Being Jailed on Charges of “Fake News’.
Washington Post. Available at https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/in-cameroon-journalists-are-being-jailed-on- charges-of-fake-news/2018/12/15/80bcb5c6-f9ad-11e8-8642-c9718a256cbd_story.html?utm_term=.fefe23811eec
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Misinformation. International Center for Journalists. Available at https://www.icfj.org/sites/default/files/2018-07/A%20 Short%20Guide%20to%20History%20of%20Fake%20News%20and%20Disinformation_ICFJ%20Final.pdf
Shugyla, S., Nassimova, G. & Massalimova, A. (2017). ‘The Kazakhstani Youth’s Engagement in Politics’. Studies of Transition States and Societies, 9 (1): 53-71.
Tamboer, S. L. (2018). ‘”We Are a New Generation”: Early Adolescents’ Views on News and
News Literacy’. Paper presented to the Association for Education in Journalism & Mass Communication. UNESCO (2018). Journalism, ‘Fake News’ and Disinformation: Handbook for Journalism
Education and Training. Available at https://en.unesco.org/fightfakenews
U.S. Department of Justice (2018, 16 February). U.S. vs. Internet Research Agency LLC et al.
Indictment. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. Available at https://www.justice.gov/file/1035477/download Wesleyan University. ‘Information Literacy’. Available at
https://www.wesleyan.edu/libr/infoforyou/infolitdefined.html Zhang, W. (2013). ‘Redefining Youth Activism through Digital Technology in Singapore’.
International Communication Gazette, 75 (3): 253-270.
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Как цитировать
Э., Ф. (2020). Медийная грамотность и проверка фактов: часть вторая. Серия Журналистики, 55(1), 4–12. https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2020.v55.i1.01
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Раздел
Журналистика: Общество. История. Политика. Закон. Экономика.
