Цифровая трансформация в преподавании МО и ООН: на примере вовлечения молодежи в модель ООН «Новый шелковый путь»
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2021.v62.i4.02Аннотация
Качество преподавания международных отношений (МО) и модели ООН зависит от многих факторов, включая закрепление и локализацию учебных материалов посредством практических упражнений и внеклассных мероприятий. В этом отношении программы «Модель Организации Объединенных Наций» («Модель ООН») оказались одним из наиболее эффективных видов деятельности, который прививает молодежи необходимые практические навыки и компетенции, особенно мягкие навыки ведения переговоров, дебатов, поиска консенсуса, гендерной и многокультурной чувствительности. Однако за последние несколько лет программы Модели ООН столкнулись с проблемами в развитии и расширении взаимодействия с молодыми людьми из-за необходимости адаптации Модели ООН к новым реалиям, включая интернационализацию высших учебных заведений (ВУЗов) и ограничения, связанные с COVID-19. Одним из важных инструментов внесения необходимых изменений и ответов на вызовы является цифровая трансформация через внедрение ИКТ, цифрового онлайн-обучения (DOL), социальных сетей и развития цифровых навыков. Цель данной статьи - проанализировать, как цифровая трансформация влияет на преподавание международных отношений и ООН в целом, и на реализацию программ «Модель ООН» в частности. Во-первых, данный проект знакомит с концептуальными рамками данного исследования. Во-вторых, в нем обсуждается образовательный контекст развития исследований МО и ООН, а также недавний рост и расширение программ Model UN. В-третьих, дается краткий обзор литературы по эмпирическим и теоретическим аспектам цифровой трансформации. В-четвертых, представляет кейсовое исследование влияния цифровой трансформации на Модель ООН «Новый шелковый путь» за последние 10 лет (с 2012 по 2021 год). В заключении суммируются результаты этого исследования и обсуждаются некоторые последствия для образовательного процесса и практики в исследованиях МО и ООН, а также интернационализации высшего образования.
Ключевые слова: цифровая трансформация, цифровое онлайн-обучение, глобализация, международные отношения, модель ООН, исследования ООН, интернационализация образования.
Библиографические ссылки
Al-Farabi KazNU. (2012), Strategia razvitia Kazakhskogo Natsionalnogo universiteta imeni Al Afarabi do 2020 goda. [Strategy of Development of Al-Farabi KazNU until 2020] UNAI. Almaty (Kazakhstan): Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Press, 2012.
Al-Farabi KazNU. (2014), Model UN New Silk Way Programme. Annual Report. Almaty (Kazakhstan): Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 2014, 2015. 2016, 2018, 2019 (unpublished reports).
Al-Farabi KazNU. (2017), Strategia razvitia Kazakhskogo Natsionalnogo universiteta imeni Al Afarabi na 2017-2021 gody. [Strategy of Development of Al-Farabi KazNU 2017-2021] UNAI. Almaty (Kazakhstan): Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Press, 2017.
Al-Farabi KazNU. (2020), Al-Farabi KazNU for Shaping Common Future. Almaty (Kazakhstan): Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Press, 2020. Available at: http://unaihub.kaznu.kz/?p=2072&lang=en (accessed on April 2, 2021).
Al-Farabi KazNU. (2021), Al-Farabi KazNU Global Hub of UNAI. Almaty (Kazakhstan): Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Press, 2019. Available at: http://unaihub.kaznu.kz/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/al-Farabi-KazNU-Global-Hub-of-UNAI.pdf (accessed on May 2, 2021).
Abazov, Rafis. (2021a), Redefining global citizenship education: a case study of Kazakhstan. Journal of Philosophy, Culture and Political Science (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University), [S.l.], Volume 75, n. 1, 2021, pp. 90-99. Available at: https://bulletin-philospolit.kaznu.kz/index.php/1-pol/article/view/1235 (accessed on May 2, 2021).
Abazov, Rafis. (2021b), Engaging in the internationalization of education and SDGs: Case study on the global hub of UNAI on sustainability. E3S Web Conf., Volume 307, 2021. Available at: https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2021/83/e3sconf_dsdm2021_06001.pdf (accessed on October 12, 2021).
Chapman, D. W., Pekol, A., & Wilson, E. (2014), Cross-border university networks as a development strategy: lessons from three university networks focused on emerging pandemic threats. International Review of Education, Volume 60, 2014, pp. 619-637.
Cheng, Angel Oi Yee. (2019), Global Mission – “Glocal” Internationalization: United Nations Academic Impact (UNAI) and Lehigh University. Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, Volume 11, Spring, 2019. Available at: https://www.ojed.org/index.php/jcihe/article/view/929 (accessed on October 21, 2021).
Dementyev, V., Dalevska, N., & Kwilinski, A. (2021). Innovation and Information Aspects of the Structural Organization of the World Political and Economic Space. Virtual Economics, Volume 4, No 1, pp. 54-76. Available at: https://virtual-economics.eu/index.php/VE/article/view/103 (accessed on October 21, 2021).
El Massah, Suzanna, & Mohieldin, Mahmoud. (2020), Digital transformation and localizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Ecological Economics, Volume 169, 2020. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800919303258 (accessed on October 21, 2021).
Friedman, Thomas L. (2007). The World Is Flat: The Globalized World in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Penguin, 2007
Gregersen-Hermans, Jeanine, & Lauridsen, Karen M. (eds). (2021), Internationalising Programmes in Higher Education: An Educational Development Perspective (Internationalization in Higher Education Series) 1st Edition. New York: Routledge, 2021.
Harper, Helen, & Dunkerly, Judith. (2009), Educating the world: Teachers and their work as defined by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Current Issues in Comparative Education, Volume 12, n. 1, 2009, pp. 56-65.
Hashim, Mohamed Ashmel Mohamed, Tlemsani, Issam, & Matthews, Robin. (2021), Higher education strategy in digital transformation. Education and Information Technologies. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10639-021-10739-1 (accessed on October 21, 2021).
Hudzik, John K. (2014), Comprehensive Internationalization: Institutional Pathways to Success (Internationalization in Higher Education Series) 1st Edition. New York: Routledge, 2014.
Iivari, Netta, Sharma, Sumita, & Ventä-Olkkonen, Leena. (2020), Digital transformation of everyday life – How COVID-19 pandemic transformed the basic education of the young generation and why information management research should care? International Journal of Information Management. Volume 55, 2020.
Jafari-Sadeghi, Vahid, Garcia-Perez, Alexis, Candelo, Elena, & Couturier, Jerome. (2021), Exploring the impact of digital transformation on technology entrepreneurship and technological market expansion: The role of technology readiness, exploration and exploitation, Journal of Business Research, Volume 124, 2021, pp. 100-111. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296320307736 (accessed on October 11, 2021).
Jones, Sharon. (2010), Model UN and class roles: case studies in role playing and simulations for learning and engagement. The 2010 APSA Teaching & Learning Conference. February 5-7, 2010. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1546091 (accessed on October 11, 2021).
Kuzhabekova, A., & Lee, Jack T. (2020), Internationalization and local research capacity strengthening: Factors affecting knowledge sharing between international and local faculty in Kazakhstan. European Education, Volume 52, n. 4, 2020, pp. 297-311.
Lacka, Ewelina, Wong, T. C., & Haddoud, Mohamed Yacine. (2021), Can digital technologies improve students' efficiency? Exploring the role of virtual learning environment and social media use in higher education. Computers & Education, Volume 163, 2021, Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131520302979 (accessed on October 11, 2021).
Levy, Brett L. M. (2016), Advising a Model United Nations club: A scaffolded youth-adult partnership to foster active participation and political engagement. Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 59, 2016, pp. 13-27. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0742051X16300555 (accessed on October 21, 2021).
Merrill, M., Yakubova, S., & Turlanbekova, Z. (2021), Internationalizing quality assessment in Central Asia. International Higher Education, n. 64, March 2011. Available at: https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ihe/article/view/8561 (accessed on May 20, 2021).
Oliveira, Katyeudo K. de S., & de Souza, Ricardo A. C. (2021), Digital transformation towards education 4.0. Informatics in Education, forthcoming.
Santos, Helena, Batista, João, & Marques, Rui Pedro. (2019), Digital transformation of higher education: The use of communication technologies by students. ScienceDirect. Procedia Computer Science. Volume 164, 2019, pp. 123-130.
Shaw, Carolyn M. (2020), The Unexpected Gift: “Oh, and you’ll be responsible for the Model UN program.” In: Pedagogical Journeys through World Politics (Ed. Jamie Frueh). New York: Palgrave, 2020. Available at: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-20305-4 (accessed on October 21, 2021).
Trushkina, Nataliia, Abazov, Rafis, Rynkevych, Natalia, & Bakhautdinova, Guzelya. (2020),
Digital transformation of organizational culture under conditions of the information economy. Virtual Economics, Volume 3, n. 1, 2020, pp. 3-32.
UNAI. (2020), About UNAI. n.d. Available at: https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/page/about-unai (accessed on May 2, 2021).
UNAI. (2011), The United Nations Academic Impact Is Informed by a Commitment to Support and Advance Ten Basic Principles (2011). Available at: http://unaihub.kaznu.kz/?page_id=15&lang=en (accessed on May 2, 2021).
UNDESA (2020), 2020 United Nations E-Government Survey. New York: UNDESA, 2020. Available at: https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/Portals/egovkb/Documents/un/2020-Survey/2020%20UN%20E-Government%20Survey%20(Full%20Report).pdf (accessed on December 2, 2021).
UNDESA (2021), Kazakhstan: e-governance data. Available at: https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Data/Country-Information/id/87-Kazakhstan (accessed on December 2, 2021).
Van Dijck, José. (2013), The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Zain, Sayeda. (2021), Digital transformation trends in education. In: Chandos Digital Information Review, Future Directions in Digital Information (ed. David Baker, Lucy Ellis). Chandos Publishing, 2021, pp. 223-234. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128221440000367 (accessed on October 21, 2021).
Al-Farabi KazNU. (2014), Model UN New Silk Way Programme. Annual Report. Almaty (Kazakhstan): Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 2014, 2015. 2016, 2018, 2019 (unpublished reports).
Al-Farabi KazNU. (2017), Strategia razvitia Kazakhskogo Natsionalnogo universiteta imeni Al Afarabi na 2017-2021 gody. [Strategy of Development of Al-Farabi KazNU 2017-2021] UNAI. Almaty (Kazakhstan): Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Press, 2017.
Al-Farabi KazNU. (2020), Al-Farabi KazNU for Shaping Common Future. Almaty (Kazakhstan): Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Press, 2020. Available at: http://unaihub.kaznu.kz/?p=2072&lang=en (accessed on April 2, 2021).
Al-Farabi KazNU. (2021), Al-Farabi KazNU Global Hub of UNAI. Almaty (Kazakhstan): Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Press, 2019. Available at: http://unaihub.kaznu.kz/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/al-Farabi-KazNU-Global-Hub-of-UNAI.pdf (accessed on May 2, 2021).
Abazov, Rafis. (2021a), Redefining global citizenship education: a case study of Kazakhstan. Journal of Philosophy, Culture and Political Science (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University), [S.l.], Volume 75, n. 1, 2021, pp. 90-99. Available at: https://bulletin-philospolit.kaznu.kz/index.php/1-pol/article/view/1235 (accessed on May 2, 2021).
Abazov, Rafis. (2021b), Engaging in the internationalization of education and SDGs: Case study on the global hub of UNAI on sustainability. E3S Web Conf., Volume 307, 2021. Available at: https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2021/83/e3sconf_dsdm2021_06001.pdf (accessed on October 12, 2021).
Chapman, D. W., Pekol, A., & Wilson, E. (2014), Cross-border university networks as a development strategy: lessons from three university networks focused on emerging pandemic threats. International Review of Education, Volume 60, 2014, pp. 619-637.
Cheng, Angel Oi Yee. (2019), Global Mission – “Glocal” Internationalization: United Nations Academic Impact (UNAI) and Lehigh University. Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, Volume 11, Spring, 2019. Available at: https://www.ojed.org/index.php/jcihe/article/view/929 (accessed on October 21, 2021).
Dementyev, V., Dalevska, N., & Kwilinski, A. (2021). Innovation and Information Aspects of the Structural Organization of the World Political and Economic Space. Virtual Economics, Volume 4, No 1, pp. 54-76. Available at: https://virtual-economics.eu/index.php/VE/article/view/103 (accessed on October 21, 2021).
El Massah, Suzanna, & Mohieldin, Mahmoud. (2020), Digital transformation and localizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Ecological Economics, Volume 169, 2020. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800919303258 (accessed on October 21, 2021).
Friedman, Thomas L. (2007). The World Is Flat: The Globalized World in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Penguin, 2007
Gregersen-Hermans, Jeanine, & Lauridsen, Karen M. (eds). (2021), Internationalising Programmes in Higher Education: An Educational Development Perspective (Internationalization in Higher Education Series) 1st Edition. New York: Routledge, 2021.
Harper, Helen, & Dunkerly, Judith. (2009), Educating the world: Teachers and their work as defined by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Current Issues in Comparative Education, Volume 12, n. 1, 2009, pp. 56-65.
Hashim, Mohamed Ashmel Mohamed, Tlemsani, Issam, & Matthews, Robin. (2021), Higher education strategy in digital transformation. Education and Information Technologies. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10639-021-10739-1 (accessed on October 21, 2021).
Hudzik, John K. (2014), Comprehensive Internationalization: Institutional Pathways to Success (Internationalization in Higher Education Series) 1st Edition. New York: Routledge, 2014.
Iivari, Netta, Sharma, Sumita, & Ventä-Olkkonen, Leena. (2020), Digital transformation of everyday life – How COVID-19 pandemic transformed the basic education of the young generation and why information management research should care? International Journal of Information Management. Volume 55, 2020.
Jafari-Sadeghi, Vahid, Garcia-Perez, Alexis, Candelo, Elena, & Couturier, Jerome. (2021), Exploring the impact of digital transformation on technology entrepreneurship and technological market expansion: The role of technology readiness, exploration and exploitation, Journal of Business Research, Volume 124, 2021, pp. 100-111. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296320307736 (accessed on October 11, 2021).
Jones, Sharon. (2010), Model UN and class roles: case studies in role playing and simulations for learning and engagement. The 2010 APSA Teaching & Learning Conference. February 5-7, 2010. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1546091 (accessed on October 11, 2021).
Kuzhabekova, A., & Lee, Jack T. (2020), Internationalization and local research capacity strengthening: Factors affecting knowledge sharing between international and local faculty in Kazakhstan. European Education, Volume 52, n. 4, 2020, pp. 297-311.
Lacka, Ewelina, Wong, T. C., & Haddoud, Mohamed Yacine. (2021), Can digital technologies improve students' efficiency? Exploring the role of virtual learning environment and social media use in higher education. Computers & Education, Volume 163, 2021, Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131520302979 (accessed on October 11, 2021).
Levy, Brett L. M. (2016), Advising a Model United Nations club: A scaffolded youth-adult partnership to foster active participation and political engagement. Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 59, 2016, pp. 13-27. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0742051X16300555 (accessed on October 21, 2021).
Merrill, M., Yakubova, S., & Turlanbekova, Z. (2021), Internationalizing quality assessment in Central Asia. International Higher Education, n. 64, March 2011. Available at: https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ihe/article/view/8561 (accessed on May 20, 2021).
Oliveira, Katyeudo K. de S., & de Souza, Ricardo A. C. (2021), Digital transformation towards education 4.0. Informatics in Education, forthcoming.
Santos, Helena, Batista, João, & Marques, Rui Pedro. (2019), Digital transformation of higher education: The use of communication technologies by students. ScienceDirect. Procedia Computer Science. Volume 164, 2019, pp. 123-130.
Shaw, Carolyn M. (2020), The Unexpected Gift: “Oh, and you’ll be responsible for the Model UN program.” In: Pedagogical Journeys through World Politics (Ed. Jamie Frueh). New York: Palgrave, 2020. Available at: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-20305-4 (accessed on October 21, 2021).
Trushkina, Nataliia, Abazov, Rafis, Rynkevych, Natalia, & Bakhautdinova, Guzelya. (2020),
Digital transformation of organizational culture under conditions of the information economy. Virtual Economics, Volume 3, n. 1, 2020, pp. 3-32.
UNAI. (2020), About UNAI. n.d. Available at: https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/page/about-unai (accessed on May 2, 2021).
UNAI. (2011), The United Nations Academic Impact Is Informed by a Commitment to Support and Advance Ten Basic Principles (2011). Available at: http://unaihub.kaznu.kz/?page_id=15&lang=en (accessed on May 2, 2021).
UNDESA (2020), 2020 United Nations E-Government Survey. New York: UNDESA, 2020. Available at: https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/Portals/egovkb/Documents/un/2020-Survey/2020%20UN%20E-Government%20Survey%20(Full%20Report).pdf (accessed on December 2, 2021).
UNDESA (2021), Kazakhstan: e-governance data. Available at: https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Data/Country-Information/id/87-Kazakhstan (accessed on December 2, 2021).
Van Dijck, José. (2013), The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Zain, Sayeda. (2021), Digital transformation trends in education. In: Chandos Digital Information Review, Future Directions in Digital Information (ed. David Baker, Lucy Ellis). Chandos Publishing, 2021, pp. 223-234. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128221440000367 (accessed on October 21, 2021).
Загрузки
Как цитировать
Abazov, R. (2021). Цифровая трансформация в преподавании МО и ООН: на примере вовлечения молодежи в модель ООН «Новый шелковый путь». Серия Журналистики, 62(4), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2021.v62.i4.02
Выпуск
Раздел
Журналистика: Общество. История. Политика. Закон. Экономика.
