Media discourse for the Socio-Psychological Adaptation of Migrants and Kandas in Kazakhstan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2021.v62.i4.04Abstract
The socio-psychological adaptation of migrants is a complex of multi-level communications. An important role in this process is played by the media, social networks and instant messengers. In this context, the authors of the study focused on the constructive capabilities of media in the sphere of influence on the level of communicative competencies of migrants, their social adaptation and inclusion in the national Kazakhstani discourse. The authors also proposed their own typology of models of information support for the topic of Kandas in Kazakhstan: synchronous (event-driven); asynchronous (random); conveyor (streaming) and model-concept by and large.
The purpose of this article is to present the main indicators of information support for the socio-psychological adaptation of Kandas in Kazakhstan, to identify the determinants of perception of a new reality, to overcome the stress of acculturation. The main idea of research is the proposed algorithms for understanding Kandas queries, the formulation of negative and positive discrepancies with basic expectations. The methodology of polling Kazakhstanis and Kandas made it possible to identify a number of conceptual problems, including the average level of competence of indigenous Kazakhstanis on migration and Kandas, a satisfactory response of Kandas to government programs and a low level of trust in some forms of communication within Kazakhstani society.
The main results of the study made it possible to form a list of destabilizing factors for the successful social adaptation of Kandas and to determine the desired concept of coverage of this topic in the media. From a practical and value point of view, this material can be extrapolated into a conceptual model of information work with the topic of migration and socio-psychological adaptation of Kandas in Kazakhstan.
Key words: Kandas, government programs, mass media, immigrants, socio-psychological adaptation.
References
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Ben C.H. Kuo (2014) Coping, acculturation, and psychological adaptation among migrants: a theoretical and empirical review and synthesis of the literature, Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2:1, 16-33, DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2013.843459
Castles, Stephen & Mark J. Miller (1993): The Migratory Process and the Formation of Ethnic Minorities. Chapter 2. In: Castles, Stephen & Mark J. Miller (eds.), The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the Modern World. London: Macmillan Press, pp. 18-42.
Жалиев Н.Б., Джуманова Р.А. Неправильное применение термина «қандас» как препятствие консолидации общества. 07.06.2021. https://el.kz/ru/kandastar/detail/bez_granits/nepravilnoe_primenenie_termina_-andas-_kak_prepyatstvie_konsolidatsii_obshchestva/
Efremova G., Nesterova A., Suslova T. Constructivist Approach to the Problem of Social Psychological Adaptation of Migrants. Asian Social Science; Vol. 11, No. 1; 2015
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/93a9/353a3430c0ffaa9e080cb0d3c244b3a32aec.pdf
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745–774. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456
Pfetsch, Barbara (1999): "In Russia we were Germans, and now weare Russians." - Dilemmas of identity formation and and communication among German-Russian Aussiedler, WZB Discussion Paper, No. FS III 99-103, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin
Heppner, P. P. (2008). Expanding the conceptualization and measurement of applied problem solving and coping: From stages to dimensions to the almost forgotten cultural context. American Psychologist, 68, 805–816. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.63.8.805 [Crossref], [Web of Science ®].
Noh, S., & Kaspar, V. (2003). Perceived discrimination & depression: Moderating effects of coping, acculturation, and ethnic support. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 232–238. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.2.232
Спутник, 2021. Кандасы в Казахстане. Спутник, 18.05.2021.
https://ru.sputnik.kz/infographics/20210518/17086150/kandasy-kazakhstan.htmlhttps://ru.sputnik.kz/infographics/20210518/17086150/kandasy-kazakhstan.html
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Тумба KZ, 2021. Этнические казахи вернулись из Туркменистана в Мангистау. https://tumba.kz/58974.html
Valieva F., Sagimbayeva J., Kurmanayeva D., Tazhitova G. The Socio-Linguistic Adaptation of Migrants: The Case of Oralman Students’ Studying in Kazakhstan. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/9/3/164/review_report
Tatarko A., John W. Berry, Keunwon Choi. Social capital, acculturation attitudes, and sociocultural adaptation of migrants from central Asian republics and South Korea in Russia. January 2020. Asian Journal of Social Psychology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338575040_Social_capital_acculturation_attitudes_and_sociocultural_adaptation_of_migrants_from_central_Asian_republics_and_South_Korea_in_Russia
Solomos, John (1997): Citizenship, Multiculturalism and the Politics of Identity: Contemporary Dilemmas and Policy Agendas. Paper presented at the conference "Citizenship, Immigration and Xenophobia in Europe: Comparative Perspectives". Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin: November 13-15, 1997.
Zakon.kz, 2021. Этапы возвращения кандасов на историческую Родину – независимый Казахстан. 29 сентября 2021https://www.zakon.kz/5084699-etapy-vozvrashcheniya-kandasov-na.html
Yanfeng Liu, Yu Dong, Cong Song, Yuan Shi, Yingying Wang, Jiaping Liu, Dynamic process of behavioral adaptation of migrants with different thermal experiences: A long-term follow-up field survey, Energy and Buildings, Volume 207,2020.
Орынбаева Г. О казахах Китая и оралманах. Zakon.kz№ https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31339237&pos=3;-53#pos=3;-53
References
Azattyk, 2021. V 2021 godu status «kandas» poluchili 12,5 tysyachi etnicheskih kazahov [In 2021, 12.5 thousand ethnic Kazakhs received the status of "kandas"]. Radio Azattyk. https://rus.azattyq.org/a/31449910.html
Azimzhanova A. Istorii kazahov, vernuvshihsya na istoricheskuyu rodinu [Stories of Kazakhs who returned to their historical homeland]. Zakon.kz, 2021. https://www.zakon.kz/5089884-istorii-kazahov-vernuvshihsya-na.html
Ben C.H. Kuo, 2012. Coping, acculturation, and psychological adaptation among migrants: a theoretical and empirical review and synthesis of the literature. An Open Access Journal, Volume 2, 2014 - Issue 1/ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21642850.2013.843459
Ben C.H. Kuo (2014) Coping, acculturation, and psychological adaptation among migrants: a theoretical and empirical review and synthesis of the literature, Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2:1, 16-33, DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2013.843459
Castles, Stephen & Mark J. Miller (1993): The Migratory Process and the Formation of Ethnic Minorities. Chapter 2. In: Castles, Stephen & Mark J. Miller (eds.), The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the Modern World. London: Macmillan Press, pp. 18-42.
ZHaliev N.B., Dzhumanova R.A. Nepravil'noe primenenie termina «қandas» kak prepyatstvie konsolidacii obshchestva [Incorrect use of the term "kandas" as an obstacle to the consolidation of society]. 07.06.2021. https://el.kz/ru/kandastar/detail/bez_granits/nepravilnoe_primenenie_termina_-andas-_kak_prepyatstvie_konsolidatsii_obshchestva/
Efremova G., Nesterova A., Suslova T. Constructivist Approach to the Problem of Social Psychological Adaptation of Migrants. Asian Social Science; Vol. 11, No. 1; 2015
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/93a9/353a3430c0ffaa9e080cb0d3c244b3a32aec.pdf
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745–774. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456
Pfetsch, Barbara (1999): "In Russia we were Germans, and now weare Russians." - Dilemmas of identity formation and and communication among German-Russian Aussiedler, WZB Discussion Paper, No. FS III 99-103, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin
Heppner, P. P. (2008). Expanding the conceptualization and measurement of applied problem solving and coping: From stages to dimensions to the almost forgotten cultural context. American Psychologist, 68, 805–816. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.63.8.805 [Crossref], [Web of Science ®].
Noh, S., & Kaspar, V. (2003). Perceived discrimination & depression: Moderating effects of coping, acculturation, and ethnic support. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 232–238. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.2.232
Sputnik, 2021. Kandasy v Kazahstane [Kandas in Kazakhstan.]. Sputnik, 18.05.2021. https://ru.sputnik.kz/infographics/20210518/17086150/kandasy-kazakhstan.htmlhttps://ru.sputnik.kz/infographics/20210518/17086150/kandasy-kazakhstan.html
Sputnik Regiony, 2021. Poezd s sotnyami kandasov pribyl iz Turkmenistana: ih vstretili s cvetami i muzykoj» [A train with hundreds of Kandas arrived from Turkmenistan: they were greeted with flowers and music] https://ru.sputnik.kz/regions/20210515/17062251/poezd-kandasy-mangistau.html
Tumba KZ, 2021. Etnicheskie kazahi vernulis' iz Turkmenistana v Mangistau. [Ethnic Kazakhs returned from Turkmenistan to Mangistau] https://tumba.kz/58974.html
Valieva F., Sagimbayeva J., Kurmanayeva D., Tazhitova G. The Socio-Linguistic Adaptation of Migrants: The Case of Oralman Students’ Studying in Kazakhstan. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/9/3/164/review_report
Tatarko A., John W. Berry, Keunwon Choi. Social capital, acculturation attitudes, and sociocultural adaptation of migrants from central Asian republics and South Korea in Russia. January 2020. Asian Journal of Social Psychology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338575040_Social_capital_acculturation_attitudes_and_sociocultural_adaptation_of_migrants_from_central_Asian_republics_and_South_Korea_in_Russia
Solomos, John (1997): Citizenship, Multiculturalism and the Politics of Identity: Contemporary Dilemmas and Policy Agendas. Paper presented at the conference "Citizenship, Immigration and Xenophobia in Europe: Comparative Perspectives". Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin: November 13-15, 1997.
Zakon.kz, 2021. Etapy vozvrashcheniya kandasov na istoricheskuyu Rodinu – nezavisimyj Kazahstan [The stages of the return of the Kandases to their historical homeland - independent Kazakhstan]. 29 sentyabrya 2021https://www.zakon.kz/5084699-etapy-vozvrashcheniya-kandasov-na.html
Yanfeng Liu, Yu Dong, Cong Song, Yuan Shi, Yingying Wang, Jiaping Liu, Dynamic process of behavioral adaptation of migrants with different thermal experiences: A long-term follow-up field survey, Energy and Buildings, Volume 207,2020.
Orynbaeva G. O kazahah Kitaya i oralmanah [About the Kazakhs of China and Oralmans]. Zakon.kz№ https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31339237&pos=3;-53#pos=3;-53
Азимжанова А. Истории казахов, вернувшихся на историческую родину. Zakon.kz, 2021. https://www.zakon.kz/5089884-istorii-kazahov-vernuvshihsya-na.html
Ben C.H. Kuo, 2012. Coping, acculturation, and psychological adaptation among migrants: a theoretical and empirical review and synthesis of the literature. An Open Access Journal, Volume 2, 2014 - Issue 1/ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21642850.2013.843459
Ben C.H. Kuo (2014) Coping, acculturation, and psychological adaptation among migrants: a theoretical and empirical review and synthesis of the literature, Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2:1, 16-33, DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2013.843459
Castles, Stephen & Mark J. Miller (1993): The Migratory Process and the Formation of Ethnic Minorities. Chapter 2. In: Castles, Stephen & Mark J. Miller (eds.), The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the Modern World. London: Macmillan Press, pp. 18-42.
Жалиев Н.Б., Джуманова Р.А. Неправильное применение термина «қандас» как препятствие консолидации общества. 07.06.2021. https://el.kz/ru/kandastar/detail/bez_granits/nepravilnoe_primenenie_termina_-andas-_kak_prepyatstvie_konsolidatsii_obshchestva/
Efremova G., Nesterova A., Suslova T. Constructivist Approach to the Problem of Social Psychological Adaptation of Migrants. Asian Social Science; Vol. 11, No. 1; 2015
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/93a9/353a3430c0ffaa9e080cb0d3c244b3a32aec.pdf
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745–774. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456
Pfetsch, Barbara (1999): "In Russia we were Germans, and now weare Russians." - Dilemmas of identity formation and and communication among German-Russian Aussiedler, WZB Discussion Paper, No. FS III 99-103, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin
Heppner, P. P. (2008). Expanding the conceptualization and measurement of applied problem solving and coping: From stages to dimensions to the almost forgotten cultural context. American Psychologist, 68, 805–816. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.63.8.805 [Crossref], [Web of Science ®].
Noh, S., & Kaspar, V. (2003). Perceived discrimination & depression: Moderating effects of coping, acculturation, and ethnic support. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 232–238. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.2.232
Спутник, 2021. Кандасы в Казахстане. Спутник, 18.05.2021.
https://ru.sputnik.kz/infographics/20210518/17086150/kandasy-kazakhstan.htmlhttps://ru.sputnik.kz/infographics/20210518/17086150/kandasy-kazakhstan.html
Спутник Регионы, 2021. «Поезд с сотнями кандасов прибыл из Туркменистана: их встретили с цветами и музыкой» https://ru.sputnik.kz/regions/20210515/17062251/poezd-kandasy-mangistau.html
Тумба KZ, 2021. Этнические казахи вернулись из Туркменистана в Мангистау. https://tumba.kz/58974.html
Valieva F., Sagimbayeva J., Kurmanayeva D., Tazhitova G. The Socio-Linguistic Adaptation of Migrants: The Case of Oralman Students’ Studying in Kazakhstan. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/9/3/164/review_report
Tatarko A., John W. Berry, Keunwon Choi. Social capital, acculturation attitudes, and sociocultural adaptation of migrants from central Asian republics and South Korea in Russia. January 2020. Asian Journal of Social Psychology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338575040_Social_capital_acculturation_attitudes_and_sociocultural_adaptation_of_migrants_from_central_Asian_republics_and_South_Korea_in_Russia
Solomos, John (1997): Citizenship, Multiculturalism and the Politics of Identity: Contemporary Dilemmas and Policy Agendas. Paper presented at the conference "Citizenship, Immigration and Xenophobia in Europe: Comparative Perspectives". Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin: November 13-15, 1997.
Zakon.kz, 2021. Этапы возвращения кандасов на историческую Родину – независимый Казахстан. 29 сентября 2021https://www.zakon.kz/5084699-etapy-vozvrashcheniya-kandasov-na.html
Yanfeng Liu, Yu Dong, Cong Song, Yuan Shi, Yingying Wang, Jiaping Liu, Dynamic process of behavioral adaptation of migrants with different thermal experiences: A long-term follow-up field survey, Energy and Buildings, Volume 207,2020.
Орынбаева Г. О казахах Китая и оралманах. Zakon.kz№ https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31339237&pos=3;-53#pos=3;-53
References
Azattyk, 2021. V 2021 godu status «kandas» poluchili 12,5 tysyachi etnicheskih kazahov [In 2021, 12.5 thousand ethnic Kazakhs received the status of "kandas"]. Radio Azattyk. https://rus.azattyq.org/a/31449910.html
Azimzhanova A. Istorii kazahov, vernuvshihsya na istoricheskuyu rodinu [Stories of Kazakhs who returned to their historical homeland]. Zakon.kz, 2021. https://www.zakon.kz/5089884-istorii-kazahov-vernuvshihsya-na.html
Ben C.H. Kuo, 2012. Coping, acculturation, and psychological adaptation among migrants: a theoretical and empirical review and synthesis of the literature. An Open Access Journal, Volume 2, 2014 - Issue 1/ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21642850.2013.843459
Ben C.H. Kuo (2014) Coping, acculturation, and psychological adaptation among migrants: a theoretical and empirical review and synthesis of the literature, Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2:1, 16-33, DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2013.843459
Castles, Stephen & Mark J. Miller (1993): The Migratory Process and the Formation of Ethnic Minorities. Chapter 2. In: Castles, Stephen & Mark J. Miller (eds.), The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the Modern World. London: Macmillan Press, pp. 18-42.
ZHaliev N.B., Dzhumanova R.A. Nepravil'noe primenenie termina «қandas» kak prepyatstvie konsolidacii obshchestva [Incorrect use of the term "kandas" as an obstacle to the consolidation of society]. 07.06.2021. https://el.kz/ru/kandastar/detail/bez_granits/nepravilnoe_primenenie_termina_-andas-_kak_prepyatstvie_konsolidatsii_obshchestva/
Efremova G., Nesterova A., Suslova T. Constructivist Approach to the Problem of Social Psychological Adaptation of Migrants. Asian Social Science; Vol. 11, No. 1; 2015
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/93a9/353a3430c0ffaa9e080cb0d3c244b3a32aec.pdf
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745–774. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456
Pfetsch, Barbara (1999): "In Russia we were Germans, and now weare Russians." - Dilemmas of identity formation and and communication among German-Russian Aussiedler, WZB Discussion Paper, No. FS III 99-103, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin
Heppner, P. P. (2008). Expanding the conceptualization and measurement of applied problem solving and coping: From stages to dimensions to the almost forgotten cultural context. American Psychologist, 68, 805–816. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.63.8.805 [Crossref], [Web of Science ®].
Noh, S., & Kaspar, V. (2003). Perceived discrimination & depression: Moderating effects of coping, acculturation, and ethnic support. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 232–238. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.2.232
Sputnik, 2021. Kandasy v Kazahstane [Kandas in Kazakhstan.]. Sputnik, 18.05.2021. https://ru.sputnik.kz/infographics/20210518/17086150/kandasy-kazakhstan.htmlhttps://ru.sputnik.kz/infographics/20210518/17086150/kandasy-kazakhstan.html
Sputnik Regiony, 2021. Poezd s sotnyami kandasov pribyl iz Turkmenistana: ih vstretili s cvetami i muzykoj» [A train with hundreds of Kandas arrived from Turkmenistan: they were greeted with flowers and music] https://ru.sputnik.kz/regions/20210515/17062251/poezd-kandasy-mangistau.html
Tumba KZ, 2021. Etnicheskie kazahi vernulis' iz Turkmenistana v Mangistau. [Ethnic Kazakhs returned from Turkmenistan to Mangistau] https://tumba.kz/58974.html
Valieva F., Sagimbayeva J., Kurmanayeva D., Tazhitova G. The Socio-Linguistic Adaptation of Migrants: The Case of Oralman Students’ Studying in Kazakhstan. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/9/3/164/review_report
Tatarko A., John W. Berry, Keunwon Choi. Social capital, acculturation attitudes, and sociocultural adaptation of migrants from central Asian republics and South Korea in Russia. January 2020. Asian Journal of Social Psychology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338575040_Social_capital_acculturation_attitudes_and_sociocultural_adaptation_of_migrants_from_central_Asian_republics_and_South_Korea_in_Russia
Solomos, John (1997): Citizenship, Multiculturalism and the Politics of Identity: Contemporary Dilemmas and Policy Agendas. Paper presented at the conference "Citizenship, Immigration and Xenophobia in Europe: Comparative Perspectives". Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin: November 13-15, 1997.
Zakon.kz, 2021. Etapy vozvrashcheniya kandasov na istoricheskuyu Rodinu – nezavisimyj Kazahstan [The stages of the return of the Kandases to their historical homeland - independent Kazakhstan]. 29 sentyabrya 2021https://www.zakon.kz/5084699-etapy-vozvrashcheniya-kandasov-na.html
Yanfeng Liu, Yu Dong, Cong Song, Yuan Shi, Yingying Wang, Jiaping Liu, Dynamic process of behavioral adaptation of migrants with different thermal experiences: A long-term follow-up field survey, Energy and Buildings, Volume 207,2020.
Orynbaeva G. O kazahah Kitaya i oralmanah [About the Kazakhs of China and Oralmans]. Zakon.kz№ https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31339237&pos=3;-53#pos=3;-53
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2021-12-20
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