Legislative norms and prohibitions on anonymous commenting on the internet: realities of Kazakhstani media
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2023.v67.i1.05Abstract
The article considers the problems of implementation process of internet-commenting as one type of interactive behavior of Kazakhstani web audience under the influence of the legislative norms and trends of the global media market. In particular, proves that there is a correlated dependence between website traffic and restricting on commenting. Use of common theoretical and empirical research methods: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, extrapolation, observation, comparison, historical method - allowed to reflect modern possibilities of carrying out an interactive connection of websites with users in the light of limitations related to news commenting. The analysis of the real empirical material (Kazakhstani websites) has also contributed to achieving the goal of the study. The scientific importance of work lies in the analysis and providing possible solutions of the mentioned problems. In this connection, the influence of global media market trends on the formation of media behavior in the Kazakhstan segment of the Internet is methodologically studied. The main results of the work are the results of the analysis of the current situation around internet commenting on the websites of Kazakhstani media and social networks. The analysis of Kazakhstani websites such as: nur.kz, azattyk.org, informburo.kz, tengrinews.kz, time.kz, caravan.kz and regional websites such as: Kostanayskie Novosti and Nasha Gazeta, leads to the conclusion that the current situation with the prohibition of the anonymous commenting on the Kazakhstani websites and the shift of this feature to social media platforms are not normal. There are real examples of foreign media using the opportunity to comment on the site as a privilege for paid subscribers also presented in the study. Also approved that such a way of converting registered users into paid subscribers can become fruitful both in the context of the manifestation of social activity of the publication's audience, and cost-effective in the practice of the existence of modern Kazakhstani media on the information market.
Keywords: commenting on news, media behavior, web audience, social networks, legislative norms.
References
Almgren Susanne M., Tobias Olss. Commenting, Sharing and Tweeting News. Measuring Online News Participation // Nordicom Review 37 (2016) 2, pp. 67-81. doi:10.1515/nor-2016-0018
Goodman E. Online comment moderation: emerging best practices. The World Association of Newspapers (WAN-IFRA), 2013.
McInnis Brian, Leah Ajmani, Lu Sun, Yiwen Hou, Ziwen Zeng, and Steven P. Dow. 2021. Reporting the Community Beat: Practices for Moderating Online Discussion at a News Website. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 5, CSCW2, Article 333 (October 2021), 25 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3476074
Kim, J., Lewis, S.C., & Watson, B.R. The Imagined Audience for and Perceived Quality of News Comments: Exploring the Perceptions of Commenters on News Sites and on Facebook. Social Media + Society, 4, 2018.
Nelson, Maria N., Thomas B. Ksiazek, and Nina Springer. 2021. Killing the Comments: Why Do News Organizations Remove User Commentary Functions? Journalism and Media 2: 572–583. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia2040034.
Rehman, Khalil & Yasin, Anaa & Mahmood, Tariq & Muhammad, Mr & Saqib, Mr. (2019). SEO: A unique approach to enhance the site rank by implementing Efficient Keywords Scheme Corresponding Author. 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27609v1.
Southern L. The Times of London finds commenters are most valuable visitors. – URL: https://digiday.com/media/times-london-finds-commenters-valuable-visitors (дата обращения: 25.10.2022).
Roberts Eric. The Google PageRank Algorithm. Handout #24 CS 54N November 9, 2016. https://web.stanford.edu/class/cs54n/handouts/24-GooglePageRankAlgorithm.pdf (дата обращения: 25.10.2022).
Satchwell В. Moderation Guide, 2013. Society of Editors. University Centre, Granta Place, Cambridge
Гимельштейн А.В. Социальные сети как пространство медиареализации // Экология медиасреды: проблемы безопасности и рационального использования коммуникативных ресурсов. Материалы второй Международной научно-практической конференции. – М.: Ф-т журн. МГУ, 2016. – С. 32-33.
Градюшко А.А. Мобильная журналистика в контексте новой медийной экосистемы // Экология медиасреды: проблемы безопасности и рационального использования коммуникативных ресурсов. Материалы второй Международной научно-практической конференции. – М.: Ф-т журн. МГУ, 2016. – С. 33-34.
Жилавская И. В. Медиаповедение личности. Материалы к курсу. Учебное пособие. — М.: РИЦ МГГУ им. М.А. Шолохова, 2012. — 91 с.
Сабитов Д. Информационная безопасность Казахстана: защита данных и смыслов. - Астана, 2015. - 68 с.
Савельева И. В. Интернет-комментарий как вторичный текст: семиотическая модель текстопорождения // Вестник Кемеровского государственного университета. 2019. Т. 21. No 3. С. 839–849.
Сачаева Л.А. Социальные сети как платформа современных интернет-СМИ. – Челябинск: ЮУрГУ, 2019.
Степанова Л.Н. Типология комментария в условиях перехода в Сеть (на основе лексикографического анализа) // Ученые записки Таврического национального университета им. В.И. Вернадского Серия «Филология. Социальные коммуникации» Том 26 (65). № 1 – С. 398-403.
Хлынцов А. Право на онлайн-анонимность и использование шифрования в Казахстане. – URL: https://www.soros.kz/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Хлынцов_право-на-онлайн-анонимность-и-использование-шифрования-в-Казахстане.pdf (дата обращения: 25.10.22)
References
Associated Press (2017) – Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research | American Press Institute (2017). Paying For News: Why People Subscribe And What It Says About The Future Of Journalism. https://apnorc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Media-Insight-2017-Pay-for-News_final.pdf
Almgren Susanne M., Tobias Olss. (2016) Commenting, Sharing and Tweeting News. Measuring Online News Participation // Nordicom Review 37, 2, pp. 67-81. doi:10.1515/nor-2016-0018
Goodman E. (2013) Online comment moderation: emerging best practices. The World Association of Newspapers (WAN-IFRA).
McInnis Brian, Leah Ajmani, Lu Sun, Yiwen Hou, Ziwen Zeng, and Steven P. Dow. (2021) Reporting the Community Beat: Practices for Moderating Online Discussion at a News Website. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 5, CSCW2, Article 333 (October 2021), 25 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3476074
Kim, J., Lewis, S.C., & Watson, B.R. (2018). The Imagined Audience for and Perceived Quality of News Comments: Exploring the Perceptions of Commenters on News Sites and on Facebook. Social Media + Society, 4.
Nelson, Maria N., Thomas B. Ksiazek, and Nina Springer. (2021) Killing the Comments: Why Do News Organizations Remove User Commentary Functions? Journalism and Media 2: 572–583. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia2040034.
Rehman, Khalil & Yasin, Anaa & Mahmood, Tariq & Muhammad, Mr & Saqib, Mr. (2019). SEO: A unique approach to enhance the site rank by implementing Efficient Keywords Scheme Corresponding Author. 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27609v1.
Southern L. (2020) The Times of London finds commenters are most valuable visitors. – URL: https://digiday.com/media/times-london-finds-commenters-valuable-visitors.
Roberts Eric. The Google PageRank Algorithm. Handout #24 CS 54N November 9, 2016. https://web.stanford.edu/class/cs54n/handouts/24-GooglePageRankAlgorithm.pdf
Satchwell В. (2013) Moderation Guide. Society of Editors. University Centre, Granta Place, Cambridge.
Gimelshtejn A.V. (2016) Socialnye seti kak prostranstvo mediarealizacii [Social networks as a space for media implementation] // Ekologiya mediasredy: problemy bezopasnosti i racionalnogo ispolzovaniya kommunikativnyh resursov. Materialy vtoroj Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. - M.: MSU Faculty of Journalism. – pp. 32-33.
Gradyushko A.A. (2016) Mobilnaya zhurnalistika v kontekste novoj medijnoj ekosistemy [Mobile journalism in the context of a new media ecosystem] // Ekologiya mediasredy: problemy bezopasnosti i racionalnogo ispolzovaniya kommunikativnyh resursov. Materialy vtoroj Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. – M.: MSU Faculty of Journalism. – pp. 33-34.
Zhilavskaya I. V. (2012) Mediapovedenie lichnosti [Media behaviour of the individual]. Materialy k kursu. Uchebnoe posobie. — M.: RIC MSHU named after M.A. Sholohov. - 91 p.
Sabitov D. (2015) Informacionnaya bezopasnost Kazahstana: zashchita dannyh i smyslov [Information security of Kazakhstan: protection of data and meanings]. - Astana. - 68 p.
Savelyeva I. V. (2019) Internet-kommentarij kak vtorichnyj tekst: semioticheskaya model tekstoporozhdeniya [Internet comments as a secondary text: a semiotic model of text generation] // Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Vol. 21, no 3. pp. 839–849.
Sachaeva L.A. (2019) Socialnye seti kak platforma sovremennyh internet-SMI [Social networks as a platform for modern online media]. – Chelyabinsk: SUSU, SG-521, 2019. – 67 p.
Stepanova L.N. (2019) Tipologiya kommentariya v usloviyah perekhoda v Set (na osnove leksikograficheskogo analiza) [Typology of a comment in the conditions of transition to the Network (based on lexicographic analysis)] // Uchenye zapiski Tavricheskogo nacional'nogo universiteta im. V.I. Vernadskogo. Seriya «Filologiya. Socialnye kommunikacii». Vol. 26 (65). № 1 – pp. 398-403.
Hlyncov A. (2021) Pravo na onlajn-anonimnost i ispolzovanie shifrovaniya v Kazahstane [The right to online anonymity and the use of encryption in Kazakhstan] – URL: https://www.soros.kz/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Hlyncov_pravo-na-onlajn-anonimnost-i-ispolzovanie-shifrovaniya-v-Kazahstane.pdf
