Cybersecurity and protection of children's rights
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2023.v68.i2.01Abstract
Currently, the development of technology and Internet is changing the traditional principles of security, requires a new approach to this issue and the adoption of specific comprehensive measures. The most pressing issue in this direction is related to the protection of children's rights, that is, in particular, with the release of the young generation from Internet addiction and the launch of legal mechanisms to protect them from cyberspace threats.
The goal of the research is to conduct a comprehensive study of the problems of protecting children's rights in cyberspace and pay special attention to schoolchildren, including adolescents; since statistics show that children begin to actively use mobile phones and social networks during this period.
The article describes the importance of the problem of legal regulation of Internet space, including the fact that the negative impact of Internet for children is growing day by day.
This issue concerns human rights defenders and media representatives not only of our country, but also of the whole world. The reasons are also weighty, firstly, it concerns the information protection and security of the young generation, and secondly, it is the protection of the rights of students. The author especially draws attention to such topics as cyberbullying, inciting hatred on the Internet, encroachment on the honor and dignity of students.
The article uses methods of collecting statistical data and necessary facts, their analysis, ranking, comparison, as well as infographic.
The author, putting forward the issue of cybersecurity of children and their legal literacy in the country, points to the need for legal regulation measures on the part of the state and society. The author of the article comprehensively analyzes foreign regulatory measures in this direction, as well as their best practices. This can be considered as the main results of the study.
Keywords: cyber security, social media, legal regulation, children's rights, legal literacy, cyberbullying.
References
Әдебиеттер тізімі:
1. Bozzola E, Spina G, Ruggiero M, Vecchio D, Carusi C, Bozzola M, et al. (2015) Media use during adolescence. Ital J Paediatr. 45:149
2. Bozzola E, Staiano A.M., Spina G, Zamperini N., Marino F., Corsello G. (2021) Social media use to improve communication on children and adolescent’s health: the role of the Italian Paediatric Society influencers Ital J Paediatr. 47:171, P. 2 –9.
3. Dawn A. Edick (1998) Regulation of Pornography on the Internet in the United States and the United Kingdom: A Comparative Analysis, 21 B.C. Int’l & Comp.L.Rev.437 http: lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/iclr/vol21/iss2/4.
4. Evangelio C., Gonzalez S. (2021) Cyberbullying in elementary and middle school students: A systematic review J Computers and Education Volume 176, November
5. Luyten H. (2021) Studies in Educational Evaluation Volume 72, march, 101101
6. Kostygina G, Tran H, Binns S, Szczypka G, Emery S, Vallone D, et al. (2020 Boosting health campaign reach and engagement through use of social media influencers and memes. SM+S. 6:1–12
7. Kowalski R.M., Limber S.P. & Agatston P.W. (2011) Cyberbullying: Bullying in the digital age (2nd ed.) Chichester. Wiley-Blackwell
8. Lund L., Solvhoj N.I., Danielsen D., Andersen S. (2021) Electronic media use and sleep in children and adolescents in western countries: a systematic review BMS Public Health 21:1598, P. 2 –14.
9. Макарова Е.А. Психологические особенности кибербуллинга как формы интернет-преступления // Российский психологический журнал. -2016. –Т. 13. - №3. – С. 293-311.
10. Паламарчук А.В. (2012) Регулирование правоотношений в сети Интернет в зарубежных странах // Вестник Академии Генеральный Прокуратуры РФ, – №6 (32), – C. 24-31.
11. Smith P.K.6 Mahdavi J., Carvalho M., Fisher S., Russel S. &Tippett N. (2008) Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child and Psychiatry, 49, 376-385.
Электрондық ресурс:
1. 2020 жылдағы ҚР балалардың жағдайы туралы баяндама// https://www.gov.kz/uploads/2020/6/18/0826df886699636fbe94a957cd865d4e_original.5624519.pdf
2. Об утверждении Правил профилактики травли (буллинга) ребенка// https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V2200031180
3. Aftab P. Cyberbullying: An Interview with Parry Aftab. 2011 Режим доступа: http: //etcjournal.com /2011/02/17/7299/
4. Бенгина Е.А., Гришаева С.А. Кибербуллинг как новая форма угрозы психологическому здоровью личности подростка. Режим доступа: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kiberbulling-kak-novaya-forma-ugrozy-psihologicheskomu-zdorovyu-lichnosti-podrostka/viewer
5. Баранов А.А. Психологический анализ причин подросткового кибербуллинга [Электронный ресурс]/ Баранов А.А., Рожина С.В. – Режим доступа: https://cyberleninka.ru-article/n/psiholoqicheskiy-analis-ot-internet-travli.html (дата обращения: 01.02.2018).
6. Берекет А. Алматылық ер азамат 7 жастағы қыздардың жалаңаш суретін шетелдік сайтқа жүктеген /Түркістан газеті, 16.11.2022 ж.
7. Болатбекұлы Ж. Шын әлемдегі виртуал өмір, 2023. [Электрондық ресурс]/ – Қолжетімділік: https://kazgazeta.kz/news/133911 (мәлімет қаралған күн: 29.03.2023).
8. Cyberbullying Research Center report, 2010. [Электронный ресурс]/ – Режим доступа: http: /www. Cyberbullying.us (дата обращения: 01.02.2018).
9. Сапарқызы Г. Әлеуметтік желідегі әлімжеттік //Astana aqshamy газеті, 11.08.2022 ж. https://astana-akshamy.kz/aleumettik-zhelidegi-alimzhettik/)
10. Солдатова Г.В., Зотова Е.Ю. (2011) Зона риска: Российские и европейские школьники: проблемы онлайн –социализации. Результаты исследования «Дети России онлайн». Дети в информационном обществе, 7, 46-55. Режим доступа: http: //detionline.com/assets/files/journal/7/12 research_7pdf.
11. Назханов Т., Пасечникова Н. Правовая защита малолетних и несовершеннолетних от буллинга – Режим доступа: https://ntp.kz/articles/pravovaja-zashhita-maloletnih-i-nesovershennoletnih-ot-bullinga/.
12. Raphael Reis Coelho Jonice de Oliveira (2021) How Twitter has been used for share pedophilia content in 2020: An empirical study https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3470482.3479473
13. Cristina Criddle Facebook grilled over mental-health impact on kids (2021) https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-58753525
14. https: // adilet.zan.kz (105-бап, ҚР Қылмыстық Кодексi 2014 жылғы 3 шiлдедегі № 226-V).
References:
1. Bozzola E, Spina G, Ruggiero M, Vecchio D, Carusi C, Bozzola M, et al. (2015) Media use during adolescence. Ital J Paediatr. 45:149, p. 14 –27.
2. Bozzola E, Staiano A.M., Spina G, Zamperini N., Marino F., Corsello G. (2021) Social media use to improve communication on children and adolescent’s health: the role of the Italian Paediatric Society influencers Ital J Paediatr. 47:171, p. 2 –9.
3. Dawn A.Edick (1998) Regulation of Pornography on the Internet in the United States and the United Kingdom: A Comparative Analysis, 21 B.C. Int’l & Comp.L.Rev.437 http: lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/iclr/vol21/iss2/4.
4. Evangelio C., Gonzalez S. (2021) Cyberbullying in elementary and middle school students: A systematic review J Computers and Education Volume 176, November
5. Luyten H. (2021) Studies in Educational Evaluation Volume 72, march, 101101
6. Kostygina G, Tran H, Binns S, Szczypka G, Emery S, Vallone D, et al. (2020 Boosting health campaign reach and engagement through use of social media influencers and memes. SM+S. 6:1–12
7. Kowalski R.M., Limber S.P. & Agatston P.W. (2011) Cyberbullying: Bullying in the digital age (2nd ed.) Chichester. Wiley-Blackwell
8. Lund L., Solvhoj N.I., Danielsen D., Andersen S. (2021) Electronic media use and sleep in children and adolescents in western countries: a systematic review BMS Public Health 21:1598, P. 2 –14.
9. Makarova Е.А. Psihologicheskie osobennosti kiberbullinga kak formy internet prestuplenie // Rossiski psihologicheski journal. -2016. –Т. 13. - №3. – S. 293-311.
10. Palamarchuk А.V. Regulrovanie pravootnoshenii v seti Internet v zarubezhnyh stranah [Regulation of legal relations on the Internet in foreign countries] // Vestnik Akademi generalnyi prokuratury [Bulletin of the Academy of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation], – 2012, – №6 (32), – C. 24-31. [in Russian].
11. Smith P.K.6 Mahdavi J., Carvalho M., Fisher S., Russel S. &Tippett N. (2008) Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child and Psychiatry, 49, 376-385.
Electronic resources:
1. 2020 zhyldagy QR balalardyn ;agdaiy turaly baiandama– Available at: https://www.gov.kz/uploads/2020/6/18/0826df886699636fbe94a957cd865d4e_original.5624519.pdf [in Kazakh].
2. Ob utberzhdeni pravil profilaktiki travli rebenka. – Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V2200031180
3. Aftab P. Cyberbullying: An Interview with Parry Aftab. 2011. – Available at: http: //etcjournal.com /2011/02/17/7299/
4. Bengina Е.А., Grishaeva S.А. Kiberbulling kak novaia phorma ugrozy psihologicheskomu zdoroviu lichnosti podrostka. – Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kiberbulling-kak-novaya-forma-ugrozy-psihologicheskomu-zdorovyu-lichnosti-podrostka/viewer
5. Baranov А.А. Psihologicheski analis prichin podrostkovogo kiberbullinga. – Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru-article/n/psiholoqicheskiy-analis-ot-internet-travli.html (дата обращения: 01.02.2018).
6. Bereket А. Аlmanylyk azamat 7 zhastagy kyzdardyn zhalanash suretin sheteldik saittarga zhuktegen /Тurkistan gazeti, 16.11.2022 zh.
7. Bolatbekuky Zh. Shyn alemdegi virtual, 2023. – Available at: https://kazgazeta.kz/news/133911
8. Cyberbullying Research Center report, 2010. – Available at: http: /www. Cyberbullying.us
9. Saparqyzy GГ. Aleumettik zhelidegi alimzhettik //Astana aqshamy газеті, 11.08.2022. – Available at: https://astana-akshamy.kz/aleumettik-zhelidegi-alimzhettik/)
10. Soldatova G.B., Zotova IU. (2011) Zona riska: Rossiskie I ebropeiskie shkolniki: problem onlain-sochializachii. Deti v inphormachionnom obshestve, 7, 46-55. – Available at: http: //detionline.com/assets/files/journal/7/12 research_7pdf.
11. https://news.sky.com/story/covid-19-online-hate-speech-has-increased-by-20-in-the-uk-since-start-of-the-pandemic-research-finds-12469034 (2021)
12. Raphael Reis Coelho Jonice de Oliveira (2021) How Twitter has been used for share pedophilia content in 2020: An empirical study https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3470482.3479473
13. Cristina Criddle Facebook grilled over mental-health impact on kids (2021) https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-58753525
14. https: // adilet.zan.kz (105-бап, ҚР Қылмыстық Кодексi 2014 жылғы 3 шiлдедегі № 226-V).
1. Bozzola E, Spina G, Ruggiero M, Vecchio D, Carusi C, Bozzola M, et al. (2015) Media use during adolescence. Ital J Paediatr. 45:149
2. Bozzola E, Staiano A.M., Spina G, Zamperini N., Marino F., Corsello G. (2021) Social media use to improve communication on children and adolescent’s health: the role of the Italian Paediatric Society influencers Ital J Paediatr. 47:171, P. 2 –9.
3. Dawn A. Edick (1998) Regulation of Pornography on the Internet in the United States and the United Kingdom: A Comparative Analysis, 21 B.C. Int’l & Comp.L.Rev.437 http: lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/iclr/vol21/iss2/4.
4. Evangelio C., Gonzalez S. (2021) Cyberbullying in elementary and middle school students: A systematic review J Computers and Education Volume 176, November
5. Luyten H. (2021) Studies in Educational Evaluation Volume 72, march, 101101
6. Kostygina G, Tran H, Binns S, Szczypka G, Emery S, Vallone D, et al. (2020 Boosting health campaign reach and engagement through use of social media influencers and memes. SM+S. 6:1–12
7. Kowalski R.M., Limber S.P. & Agatston P.W. (2011) Cyberbullying: Bullying in the digital age (2nd ed.) Chichester. Wiley-Blackwell
8. Lund L., Solvhoj N.I., Danielsen D., Andersen S. (2021) Electronic media use and sleep in children and adolescents in western countries: a systematic review BMS Public Health 21:1598, P. 2 –14.
9. Макарова Е.А. Психологические особенности кибербуллинга как формы интернет-преступления // Российский психологический журнал. -2016. –Т. 13. - №3. – С. 293-311.
10. Паламарчук А.В. (2012) Регулирование правоотношений в сети Интернет в зарубежных странах // Вестник Академии Генеральный Прокуратуры РФ, – №6 (32), – C. 24-31.
11. Smith P.K.6 Mahdavi J., Carvalho M., Fisher S., Russel S. &Tippett N. (2008) Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child and Psychiatry, 49, 376-385.
Электрондық ресурс:
1. 2020 жылдағы ҚР балалардың жағдайы туралы баяндама// https://www.gov.kz/uploads/2020/6/18/0826df886699636fbe94a957cd865d4e_original.5624519.pdf
2. Об утверждении Правил профилактики травли (буллинга) ребенка// https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V2200031180
3. Aftab P. Cyberbullying: An Interview with Parry Aftab. 2011 Режим доступа: http: //etcjournal.com /2011/02/17/7299/
4. Бенгина Е.А., Гришаева С.А. Кибербуллинг как новая форма угрозы психологическому здоровью личности подростка. Режим доступа: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kiberbulling-kak-novaya-forma-ugrozy-psihologicheskomu-zdorovyu-lichnosti-podrostka/viewer
5. Баранов А.А. Психологический анализ причин подросткового кибербуллинга [Электронный ресурс]/ Баранов А.А., Рожина С.В. – Режим доступа: https://cyberleninka.ru-article/n/psiholoqicheskiy-analis-ot-internet-travli.html (дата обращения: 01.02.2018).
6. Берекет А. Алматылық ер азамат 7 жастағы қыздардың жалаңаш суретін шетелдік сайтқа жүктеген /Түркістан газеті, 16.11.2022 ж.
7. Болатбекұлы Ж. Шын әлемдегі виртуал өмір, 2023. [Электрондық ресурс]/ – Қолжетімділік: https://kazgazeta.kz/news/133911 (мәлімет қаралған күн: 29.03.2023).
8. Cyberbullying Research Center report, 2010. [Электронный ресурс]/ – Режим доступа: http: /www. Cyberbullying.us (дата обращения: 01.02.2018).
9. Сапарқызы Г. Әлеуметтік желідегі әлімжеттік //Astana aqshamy газеті, 11.08.2022 ж. https://astana-akshamy.kz/aleumettik-zhelidegi-alimzhettik/)
10. Солдатова Г.В., Зотова Е.Ю. (2011) Зона риска: Российские и европейские школьники: проблемы онлайн –социализации. Результаты исследования «Дети России онлайн». Дети в информационном обществе, 7, 46-55. Режим доступа: http: //detionline.com/assets/files/journal/7/12 research_7pdf.
11. Назханов Т., Пасечникова Н. Правовая защита малолетних и несовершеннолетних от буллинга – Режим доступа: https://ntp.kz/articles/pravovaja-zashhita-maloletnih-i-nesovershennoletnih-ot-bullinga/.
12. Raphael Reis Coelho Jonice de Oliveira (2021) How Twitter has been used for share pedophilia content in 2020: An empirical study https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3470482.3479473
13. Cristina Criddle Facebook grilled over mental-health impact on kids (2021) https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-58753525
14. https: // adilet.zan.kz (105-бап, ҚР Қылмыстық Кодексi 2014 жылғы 3 шiлдедегі № 226-V).
References:
1. Bozzola E, Spina G, Ruggiero M, Vecchio D, Carusi C, Bozzola M, et al. (2015) Media use during adolescence. Ital J Paediatr. 45:149, p. 14 –27.
2. Bozzola E, Staiano A.M., Spina G, Zamperini N., Marino F., Corsello G. (2021) Social media use to improve communication on children and adolescent’s health: the role of the Italian Paediatric Society influencers Ital J Paediatr. 47:171, p. 2 –9.
3. Dawn A.Edick (1998) Regulation of Pornography on the Internet in the United States and the United Kingdom: A Comparative Analysis, 21 B.C. Int’l & Comp.L.Rev.437 http: lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/iclr/vol21/iss2/4.
4. Evangelio C., Gonzalez S. (2021) Cyberbullying in elementary and middle school students: A systematic review J Computers and Education Volume 176, November
5. Luyten H. (2021) Studies in Educational Evaluation Volume 72, march, 101101
6. Kostygina G, Tran H, Binns S, Szczypka G, Emery S, Vallone D, et al. (2020 Boosting health campaign reach and engagement through use of social media influencers and memes. SM+S. 6:1–12
7. Kowalski R.M., Limber S.P. & Agatston P.W. (2011) Cyberbullying: Bullying in the digital age (2nd ed.) Chichester. Wiley-Blackwell
8. Lund L., Solvhoj N.I., Danielsen D., Andersen S. (2021) Electronic media use and sleep in children and adolescents in western countries: a systematic review BMS Public Health 21:1598, P. 2 –14.
9. Makarova Е.А. Psihologicheskie osobennosti kiberbullinga kak formy internet prestuplenie // Rossiski psihologicheski journal. -2016. –Т. 13. - №3. – S. 293-311.
10. Palamarchuk А.V. Regulrovanie pravootnoshenii v seti Internet v zarubezhnyh stranah [Regulation of legal relations on the Internet in foreign countries] // Vestnik Akademi generalnyi prokuratury [Bulletin of the Academy of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation], – 2012, – №6 (32), – C. 24-31. [in Russian].
11. Smith P.K.6 Mahdavi J., Carvalho M., Fisher S., Russel S. &Tippett N. (2008) Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child and Psychiatry, 49, 376-385.
Electronic resources:
1. 2020 zhyldagy QR balalardyn ;agdaiy turaly baiandama– Available at: https://www.gov.kz/uploads/2020/6/18/0826df886699636fbe94a957cd865d4e_original.5624519.pdf [in Kazakh].
2. Ob utberzhdeni pravil profilaktiki travli rebenka. – Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V2200031180
3. Aftab P. Cyberbullying: An Interview with Parry Aftab. 2011. – Available at: http: //etcjournal.com /2011/02/17/7299/
4. Bengina Е.А., Grishaeva S.А. Kiberbulling kak novaia phorma ugrozy psihologicheskomu zdoroviu lichnosti podrostka. – Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kiberbulling-kak-novaya-forma-ugrozy-psihologicheskomu-zdorovyu-lichnosti-podrostka/viewer
5. Baranov А.А. Psihologicheski analis prichin podrostkovogo kiberbullinga. – Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru-article/n/psiholoqicheskiy-analis-ot-internet-travli.html (дата обращения: 01.02.2018).
6. Bereket А. Аlmanylyk azamat 7 zhastagy kyzdardyn zhalanash suretin sheteldik saittarga zhuktegen /Тurkistan gazeti, 16.11.2022 zh.
7. Bolatbekuky Zh. Shyn alemdegi virtual, 2023. – Available at: https://kazgazeta.kz/news/133911
8. Cyberbullying Research Center report, 2010. – Available at: http: /www. Cyberbullying.us
9. Saparqyzy GГ. Aleumettik zhelidegi alimzhettik //Astana aqshamy газеті, 11.08.2022. – Available at: https://astana-akshamy.kz/aleumettik-zhelidegi-alimzhettik/)
10. Soldatova G.B., Zotova IU. (2011) Zona riska: Rossiskie I ebropeiskie shkolniki: problem onlain-sochializachii. Deti v inphormachionnom obshestve, 7, 46-55. – Available at: http: //detionline.com/assets/files/journal/7/12 research_7pdf.
11. https://news.sky.com/story/covid-19-online-hate-speech-has-increased-by-20-in-the-uk-since-start-of-the-pandemic-research-finds-12469034 (2021)
12. Raphael Reis Coelho Jonice de Oliveira (2021) How Twitter has been used for share pedophilia content in 2020: An empirical study https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3470482.3479473
13. Cristina Criddle Facebook grilled over mental-health impact on kids (2021) https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-58753525
14. https: // adilet.zan.kz (105-бап, ҚР Қылмыстық Кодексi 2014 жылғы 3 шiлдедегі № 226-V).
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How to Cite
Oshanova, O. Z. (2023). Cybersecurity and protection of children’s rights. Herald of Journalism, 68(2), 4–15. https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2023.v68.i2.01
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Journalism: Society. Language. History. Policy. Law. Economy.
