VR content as a phenomenon of journalism transformation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2021.v59.i1.08Abstract
The use of VR technologies in modern digital media production is a relevant and, at the same time, not fully studied phenomenon in the theory of world journalism. This article examines the phenomenon as “virtual reality, 360-degree video, graphic visualization and their use in media production.”
According to the author, many researchers point to the need for modern theoretical research to develop new media representations in a virtual environment. Since there are no theoretical studies and practical application of VR content in this direction in Uzbekistan, this study is based on scientific analyzes and practical experiments of foreign media experts. In particular, the author points to the effectiveness of the use of modern technologies in such areas as architecture, industry, manufactur- ing, and increases the marketing activity of universities in Uzbekistan. In the field of journalism, the study of new manifestations of phenomenal visualizations, for example, immersive technologies, as the possibilities and prospects of VR technologies, according to the author of the article, remains an urgent issue.
The purpose of the article is to provide practitioners and theorists of journalism with an understand- ing of the importance of VR technologies as one of the digital media platforms. And also about the changes in traditional journalism in connection with the introduction of new technologies.
The relevance of the topic lies in the study from a scientific point of view of the new technological format as immersiveness in the preparation of journalistic material.
The research methodology includes theoretical and comparative analysis of the study of virtual real- ity technologies based on the research of domestic and foreign media experts, analysis of the experience of universities and media organizations.
The author believes that the phenomenon of VR technologies involves theoretical comprehension and practical application in the media space of Uzbekistan.
The results of the study will make it possible to make a certain contribution to the development of digital technologies in the country’s media sphere. The practical significance of the results of this scien- tific work lies in the analysis of a new visualization format as immersiveness, which is accompanied by the creation of programs with their own audio and video sequences in 360 degrees. This forces the user to dive deeply into the event.
Key words: research, virtual reality, immersive journalism, transformation of journalism, Uzbekistan.
References
Balet, O., G. Subsol and P. Torguet, editors (2001), Virtual Storytelling: Using Virtual Reality Technologies for Storytelling, International Conference on Computer Vision Systems, Avignon, 27-28 September.
Василий Великий. Беседы на шестоднев [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.wco.ru/biblio/books/vasilv2/ Main.htm (дата обращения: 12.05.2020).
Виртуальность [Электронный ресурс] // Новая философская энциклопедия в 4-х т. / под ред. В. С. Стѐпина. 2001. URL: http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_philosophy/8106/ВИРТУАЛЬНОСТЬ (дата обращения: 12.05.2020).
Virtual Human Interaction Lab http://vhil.stanford.edu/mission/
Galimberti C., Belloni C., Cantamesse M. et al. The development of an integrated psychosocial approach to effective usability of 3D virtual environments for cybertherapy // PsychNology J. 2006. Vol. 14. N 2.
Грязнова Е. В. Философский анализ концепций виртуальной реальности [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.e- notabene. ru/fr/article_278.html (дата обращения: 23.05.2020).
De La Pena, N.: Project “Hunger in Los Angeles” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvXPP_0Ofzc Oct 28, 2012; Добровидова О. (2015) Этической реалити-чек для журналистской виртуальной реальности. URL: https://themedia.cen-
ter/2015/09/04/eticheskiy-realiti-chek-dlya-zhurnalistiki virtualnoy-realnosti/ (04.01.2020).
Замков А.В., Крашенинникова М.А., Лукина М.М., Цынарева Н.А. Иммерсивная журналистика: подходы к теории и проблемам образования. //Современные информационные технологии и ИТ-образование №1. 2017. Том-13// pdf https:// cyberleninka.ru/article/n/immersivnaya-zhurnalistika-podhody-k-teorii-i-problemam-obrazovaniya/viewer. Дата обращения: 29.03.2020.
Ибраева Г.Ж. (2017) Иммерсивная журналистика как новая цифровая платформа медиакоммуникации. //Вестник КазНУ, серия Журналистика № 3, 2017 1 (1). https://www.kaznu.kz/content/files/pages/ 20.pdf.
Качкаева А. и др. (2017) Мультимедийная журналистика. Учебник. ВШЭ. – М., ‒ 277 с. https://id.hse.ru/data/2017/ pdf. Концепция национальной стратегии «Цифровой Узбекистан-2030». https://regulation.gov.uz/ru/document/10574.
Корнев М. Виртуальное для реального: новые измерения. URL: http://jrnlst.ru/content/virtualnoe-dlya-realnogo-novyeiz- mereniya. дата обращения:20.05.2020.
Coffey, A.J., et al. (2013), «New Media Environments’ Comparative Effects Upon Intercultural Sensitivity: A FiveDimensional Analysis», International Journal of Intercultural Relations 37 (5): 605-627.
Kroker A. Data trash. The theory of the virtual class / Kroker A., Weinstein M. – Montreal : New world perspectives, 1994. – 176 p.
Маклюэн М. Понимание медиа: Внешние расширения человека [Текст] / М. Маклюэн / пер. с англ. В. Николаева. – М.; Жуковский: КАНОНпресс-Ц, Кучково поле, 2003. – 464 с.
Муминов Ф., Баротов Ш. Очиқ ахборот тизимларида ахборот-психологик хавфсизлик. – Т.: Янги авлод. 2013 й. – С-191. Newbold Chr., Boyd-Barrett О., Van den Bulck Н. //The Media Book//A member of the Hodder Headline Group LONDON Co- published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Inc., New York. https://monoskop.org/images/3/38/The_Media_Book_2002.pdf.
Nowak K.L., Biocca F. The effect of the agency and anthropomorphism on users’ sense of telepresence, copresence, and social presence in virtual environments // Presence. 2003. Vol. 12. N 5.
Самухин А.Х. Три подхода к трактовке виртуальности //Грамота. 2014 №3 (41). Тамбов// https://www.gramota.net/ar- ticles/issn_1997-292X_2014_3-1_37.pdf (дата обращения:16.09.2020).
Севальников А. Ю. Онтология Аристотеля и квантовая реальность [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.polygnozis. ru/ default.asp?num=6&num2=306 (дата обращения: 12.05.2020).
Смолин А.А., Жданов Д.Д. (2018) Системы виртуальной, дополненной и смешанной реальности / Университет ИТМО, Санкт-Петербург. https://books.ifmo.ru/file/pdf/2321.pdf.
Усенков Д.Ю. Виртуальная реальность. //Компьютерные инструменты в образовании. №5, 2006// https://cyberleninka.ru/ article/n/virtualnaya-realnost-1/viewer.
Hardee G.M. Immersive Journalism in VR: Four Theoretical Domains for Researching a Narrative Design Framework.
Research Gate, 2016. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304055227
Schmitz Weiss A. (2009), “Virtual Worlds: Where the Journalist and the Avatar Combine, New Research Paradigm for Jour- nalism Scholarship, Professional Journalism Training” article presented at the International Communication Association’s Annual Conference, May 21.
https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_nkw=immersive%20vr. Дата обращения: 23.04.2020 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvXPP_0Ofzc (дата обращения: 20.02.2018) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5XXsRuMPIU
References
Balet, O., G. Subsol and P. Torguet, editors (2001), Virtual Storytelling: Using Virtual Reality Technologies for Storytelling, International Conference on Computer Vision Systems, Avignon, 27-28 September.
Vasilii Velikii. Besedy na shestodnev [Conversations for six days] [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: http://www.wco.ru/biblio/books/ vasilv2/ Main.htm (data obrashcheniya: 12.05.2020) (in Russian).
Virtual’nost’ [virtuality] [Elektronnyi resurs] // Novaya filosofskaya entsiklopediya v 4-kh t. / pod red. V. S. Stѐpina. 2001. URL: http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_philosophy/8106/VIRTUAL’’NOST’’ (data obrashcheniya: 12.05.2020) (in Russian).
Virtual Human Interaction Lab http://vhil.stanford.edu/mission/
Galimberti C., Belloni C., Cantamesse M. et al. The development of an integrated psychosocial approach to effective usability of 3D virtual environments for cybertherapy // PsychNology J. 2006. Vol. 14. N 2.
Gryaznova E. V. Filosofskii analiz kontseptsii virtual’noi real’nosti [Philosophical analysis of the concept of virtual reality] [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: http://www.e-notabene. ru/fr/article_278.html (data obrashcheniya: 23.05.2020). (in Russian)
De La Pena, N.: Project “Hunger in Los Angeles” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvXPP_0Ofzc Oct 28, 2012; Dobrovidova O. (2015) Eticheskiii realiti-chek dlya zhurnalistskoii virtual’noii real’nosti [Ethical and reality check for jour-
nalism and virtual reality] URL: https://themedia.center/2015/09/04/eticheskiy-realiti-chek-dlya-zhurnalistiki virtualnoy-realnosti/ (04.01.2020). (in Russian)
Zamkov A.V., Krasheninnikova M.A., Lukina M.M., Tsynareva N.A. Immersivnaya zhurnalistika: podkhody k teorii i prob- lemam obrazovaniya [Immersive journalism: approaches to the theory and problems of education] //Sovremennye informatsionnye tekhnologii i IT-obrazovanie №1. 2017. Tom-13// pdf https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/immersivnaya-zhurnalistika-podhody-k-teor- ii-i-problemam-obrazovaniya/viewer. Data obrashcheniya: 29.03.2020. (in Russian)
Ibraeva G.Zh. (2017) Immersivnaya zhurnalistika kak novaya tsifrovaya platforma mediakommunikatsii [Immersive journal- ism as a new digital media communication platform] //Vestnik KazNU, seriya Zhurnalistika № 3, 2017 1 (1). https://www.kaznu.kz/ content/files/pages/ 20.pdf. (in Russian)
Kachkaeva A; i avtory (2017) Mul’timediinaya zhurnalistika. [Multimedia journalism] Uchebnik. VShE, Moskva, . 277p. https://id.hse.ru/data/2017/ pdf. (in Russian)
Kontseptsiya natsional’noi strategii «Tsifrovoi Uzbekistan.2030». [Concept of the national strategy “Digital Uzbekistan. 2030”] https://regulation.gov.uz/ru/document/10574. (in Russian)
Kornev M. Virtual’noe dlya real’nogo: novye izmereniya. [Virtual for real: new dimensions] URL: http://jrnlst.ru/content/ virtualnoe-dlya-realnogo-novyeizmereniya. data obrashcheniya:20.05.2020. (in Russian)
Coffey, A.J., et al. (2013), “New Media Environments’ Comparative Effects Upon Intercultural Sensitivity: A FiveDimensional Analysis”, International Journal of Intercultural Relations 37 (5): 605-627.
Kroker A. Data trash. The theory of the virtual class / Kroker A., Weinstein M. — Montreal : New world perspectives, 1994.— 176 p.
Maklyuen M. Ponimanie media: Vneshnie rasshireniya cheloveka [Understanding Media: External Human Extensions] [Tekst]
/ M. Maklyuen / per. s angl. V. Nikolaeva. M.; Zhukovskii: KANONpress-Ts, Kuchkovo pole, 2003. 464 p. (in Russian)
Muminov F., Barotov Sh. Ochiқ akhborot tizimlarida akhborot-psikhologik khavfsizlik. [Information and psychological secu- rity in open information spaces] T.: Yangi avlod. 2013 i. 191p. (in Uzbek)
Newbold Chr., Boyd-Barrett О., Van den Bulck Н. //The Media Book//A member of the Hodder Headline Group LONDON Co- published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Inc., New York. https://monoskop.org/images/3/38/The_Me- dia_Book_2002.pdf.
Nowak K.L., Biocca F. The effect of the agency and anthropomorphism on users’ sense of telepresence, copresence, and social presence in virtual environments // Presence. 2003. Vol. 12. N 5.
Samukhin A.Kh. Tri podkhoda k traktovke virtual’nosti [Three approaches to the interpretation of virtuality] //Gramota. 2014
№3 (41). Tambov// https://www.gramota.net/articles/issn_1997-292X_2014_3-1_37.pdf (data obrashcheniya:16.09.2020). (in Rus- sian)
Seval’nikov A. Yu. Ontologiya Aristotelya i kvantovaya real’nost’ [Aristotle’s Ontology and Quantum Reality] [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: http://www.polygnozis.ru/ default.asp?num=6&num2=306 (data obrashcheniya: 12.05.2020). (in Russian)
Smolin A.A., Zhdanov D.D. (2018) Sistemy virtual’noi, dopolnennoi i smeshannoi real’nosti. [Virtual, augmented and mixed reality systems] Universitet ITMO, Sankt-Peterburg. https://books.ifmo.ru/file/pdf/2321.pdf. (in Russian)
Usenkov D.Yu. Virtual’naya real’nost’. [The virtual reality] //Komp’yuternye instrumenty v obrazovanii. №5, 2006// https:// cyberleninka.ru/article/n/virtualnaya-realnost-1/viewer. (in Russian)
Hardee G.M. Immersive Journalism in VR: Four Theoretical Domains for Researching a Narrative Design Framework.
Research Gate, 2016. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304055227
Schmitz Weiss, A. (2009), “Virtual Worlds: Where the Journalist and the Avatar Combine, New Research Paradigm for Jour- nalism Scholarship, Professional Journalism Training” article presented at the International Communication Association’s Annual Conference, May 21.
https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_nkw=immersive%20vr. (23.04.2020)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvXPP_0Ofzc (20.02.2018) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5XXsRuMPIU
Василий Великий. Беседы на шестоднев [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.wco.ru/biblio/books/vasilv2/ Main.htm (дата обращения: 12.05.2020).
Виртуальность [Электронный ресурс] // Новая философская энциклопедия в 4-х т. / под ред. В. С. Стѐпина. 2001. URL: http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_philosophy/8106/ВИРТУАЛЬНОСТЬ (дата обращения: 12.05.2020).
Virtual Human Interaction Lab http://vhil.stanford.edu/mission/
Galimberti C., Belloni C., Cantamesse M. et al. The development of an integrated psychosocial approach to effective usability of 3D virtual environments for cybertherapy // PsychNology J. 2006. Vol. 14. N 2.
Грязнова Е. В. Философский анализ концепций виртуальной реальности [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.e- notabene. ru/fr/article_278.html (дата обращения: 23.05.2020).
De La Pena, N.: Project “Hunger in Los Angeles” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvXPP_0Ofzc Oct 28, 2012; Добровидова О. (2015) Этической реалити-чек для журналистской виртуальной реальности. URL: https://themedia.cen-
ter/2015/09/04/eticheskiy-realiti-chek-dlya-zhurnalistiki virtualnoy-realnosti/ (04.01.2020).
Замков А.В., Крашенинникова М.А., Лукина М.М., Цынарева Н.А. Иммерсивная журналистика: подходы к теории и проблемам образования. //Современные информационные технологии и ИТ-образование №1. 2017. Том-13// pdf https:// cyberleninka.ru/article/n/immersivnaya-zhurnalistika-podhody-k-teorii-i-problemam-obrazovaniya/viewer. Дата обращения: 29.03.2020.
Ибраева Г.Ж. (2017) Иммерсивная журналистика как новая цифровая платформа медиакоммуникации. //Вестник КазНУ, серия Журналистика № 3, 2017 1 (1). https://www.kaznu.kz/content/files/pages/ 20.pdf.
Качкаева А. и др. (2017) Мультимедийная журналистика. Учебник. ВШЭ. – М., ‒ 277 с. https://id.hse.ru/data/2017/ pdf. Концепция национальной стратегии «Цифровой Узбекистан-2030». https://regulation.gov.uz/ru/document/10574.
Корнев М. Виртуальное для реального: новые измерения. URL: http://jrnlst.ru/content/virtualnoe-dlya-realnogo-novyeiz- mereniya. дата обращения:20.05.2020.
Coffey, A.J., et al. (2013), «New Media Environments’ Comparative Effects Upon Intercultural Sensitivity: A FiveDimensional Analysis», International Journal of Intercultural Relations 37 (5): 605-627.
Kroker A. Data trash. The theory of the virtual class / Kroker A., Weinstein M. – Montreal : New world perspectives, 1994. – 176 p.
Маклюэн М. Понимание медиа: Внешние расширения человека [Текст] / М. Маклюэн / пер. с англ. В. Николаева. – М.; Жуковский: КАНОНпресс-Ц, Кучково поле, 2003. – 464 с.
Муминов Ф., Баротов Ш. Очиқ ахборот тизимларида ахборот-психологик хавфсизлик. – Т.: Янги авлод. 2013 й. – С-191. Newbold Chr., Boyd-Barrett О., Van den Bulck Н. //The Media Book//A member of the Hodder Headline Group LONDON Co- published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Inc., New York. https://monoskop.org/images/3/38/The_Media_Book_2002.pdf.
Nowak K.L., Biocca F. The effect of the agency and anthropomorphism on users’ sense of telepresence, copresence, and social presence in virtual environments // Presence. 2003. Vol. 12. N 5.
Самухин А.Х. Три подхода к трактовке виртуальности //Грамота. 2014 №3 (41). Тамбов// https://www.gramota.net/ar- ticles/issn_1997-292X_2014_3-1_37.pdf (дата обращения:16.09.2020).
Севальников А. Ю. Онтология Аристотеля и квантовая реальность [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.polygnozis. ru/ default.asp?num=6&num2=306 (дата обращения: 12.05.2020).
Смолин А.А., Жданов Д.Д. (2018) Системы виртуальной, дополненной и смешанной реальности / Университет ИТМО, Санкт-Петербург. https://books.ifmo.ru/file/pdf/2321.pdf.
Усенков Д.Ю. Виртуальная реальность. //Компьютерные инструменты в образовании. №5, 2006// https://cyberleninka.ru/ article/n/virtualnaya-realnost-1/viewer.
Hardee G.M. Immersive Journalism in VR: Four Theoretical Domains for Researching a Narrative Design Framework.
Research Gate, 2016. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304055227
Schmitz Weiss A. (2009), “Virtual Worlds: Where the Journalist and the Avatar Combine, New Research Paradigm for Jour- nalism Scholarship, Professional Journalism Training” article presented at the International Communication Association’s Annual Conference, May 21.
https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_nkw=immersive%20vr. Дата обращения: 23.04.2020 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvXPP_0Ofzc (дата обращения: 20.02.2018) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5XXsRuMPIU
References
Balet, O., G. Subsol and P. Torguet, editors (2001), Virtual Storytelling: Using Virtual Reality Technologies for Storytelling, International Conference on Computer Vision Systems, Avignon, 27-28 September.
Vasilii Velikii. Besedy na shestodnev [Conversations for six days] [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: http://www.wco.ru/biblio/books/ vasilv2/ Main.htm (data obrashcheniya: 12.05.2020) (in Russian).
Virtual’nost’ [virtuality] [Elektronnyi resurs] // Novaya filosofskaya entsiklopediya v 4-kh t. / pod red. V. S. Stѐpina. 2001. URL: http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_philosophy/8106/VIRTUAL’’NOST’’ (data obrashcheniya: 12.05.2020) (in Russian).
Virtual Human Interaction Lab http://vhil.stanford.edu/mission/
Galimberti C., Belloni C., Cantamesse M. et al. The development of an integrated psychosocial approach to effective usability of 3D virtual environments for cybertherapy // PsychNology J. 2006. Vol. 14. N 2.
Gryaznova E. V. Filosofskii analiz kontseptsii virtual’noi real’nosti [Philosophical analysis of the concept of virtual reality] [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: http://www.e-notabene. ru/fr/article_278.html (data obrashcheniya: 23.05.2020). (in Russian)
De La Pena, N.: Project “Hunger in Los Angeles” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvXPP_0Ofzc Oct 28, 2012; Dobrovidova O. (2015) Eticheskiii realiti-chek dlya zhurnalistskoii virtual’noii real’nosti [Ethical and reality check for jour-
nalism and virtual reality] URL: https://themedia.center/2015/09/04/eticheskiy-realiti-chek-dlya-zhurnalistiki virtualnoy-realnosti/ (04.01.2020). (in Russian)
Zamkov A.V., Krasheninnikova M.A., Lukina M.M., Tsynareva N.A. Immersivnaya zhurnalistika: podkhody k teorii i prob- lemam obrazovaniya [Immersive journalism: approaches to the theory and problems of education] //Sovremennye informatsionnye tekhnologii i IT-obrazovanie №1. 2017. Tom-13// pdf https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/immersivnaya-zhurnalistika-podhody-k-teor- ii-i-problemam-obrazovaniya/viewer. Data obrashcheniya: 29.03.2020. (in Russian)
Ibraeva G.Zh. (2017) Immersivnaya zhurnalistika kak novaya tsifrovaya platforma mediakommunikatsii [Immersive journal- ism as a new digital media communication platform] //Vestnik KazNU, seriya Zhurnalistika № 3, 2017 1 (1). https://www.kaznu.kz/ content/files/pages/ 20.pdf. (in Russian)
Kachkaeva A; i avtory (2017) Mul’timediinaya zhurnalistika. [Multimedia journalism] Uchebnik. VShE, Moskva, . 277p. https://id.hse.ru/data/2017/ pdf. (in Russian)
Kontseptsiya natsional’noi strategii «Tsifrovoi Uzbekistan.2030». [Concept of the national strategy “Digital Uzbekistan. 2030”] https://regulation.gov.uz/ru/document/10574. (in Russian)
Kornev M. Virtual’noe dlya real’nogo: novye izmereniya. [Virtual for real: new dimensions] URL: http://jrnlst.ru/content/ virtualnoe-dlya-realnogo-novyeizmereniya. data obrashcheniya:20.05.2020. (in Russian)
Coffey, A.J., et al. (2013), “New Media Environments’ Comparative Effects Upon Intercultural Sensitivity: A FiveDimensional Analysis”, International Journal of Intercultural Relations 37 (5): 605-627.
Kroker A. Data trash. The theory of the virtual class / Kroker A., Weinstein M. — Montreal : New world perspectives, 1994.— 176 p.
Maklyuen M. Ponimanie media: Vneshnie rasshireniya cheloveka [Understanding Media: External Human Extensions] [Tekst]
/ M. Maklyuen / per. s angl. V. Nikolaeva. M.; Zhukovskii: KANONpress-Ts, Kuchkovo pole, 2003. 464 p. (in Russian)
Muminov F., Barotov Sh. Ochiқ akhborot tizimlarida akhborot-psikhologik khavfsizlik. [Information and psychological secu- rity in open information spaces] T.: Yangi avlod. 2013 i. 191p. (in Uzbek)
Newbold Chr., Boyd-Barrett О., Van den Bulck Н. //The Media Book//A member of the Hodder Headline Group LONDON Co- published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Inc., New York. https://monoskop.org/images/3/38/The_Me- dia_Book_2002.pdf.
Nowak K.L., Biocca F. The effect of the agency and anthropomorphism on users’ sense of telepresence, copresence, and social presence in virtual environments // Presence. 2003. Vol. 12. N 5.
Samukhin A.Kh. Tri podkhoda k traktovke virtual’nosti [Three approaches to the interpretation of virtuality] //Gramota. 2014
№3 (41). Tambov// https://www.gramota.net/articles/issn_1997-292X_2014_3-1_37.pdf (data obrashcheniya:16.09.2020). (in Rus- sian)
Seval’nikov A. Yu. Ontologiya Aristotelya i kvantovaya real’nost’ [Aristotle’s Ontology and Quantum Reality] [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: http://www.polygnozis.ru/ default.asp?num=6&num2=306 (data obrashcheniya: 12.05.2020). (in Russian)
Smolin A.A., Zhdanov D.D. (2018) Sistemy virtual’noi, dopolnennoi i smeshannoi real’nosti. [Virtual, augmented and mixed reality systems] Universitet ITMO, Sankt-Peterburg. https://books.ifmo.ru/file/pdf/2321.pdf. (in Russian)
Usenkov D.Yu. Virtual’naya real’nost’. [The virtual reality] //Komp’yuternye instrumenty v obrazovanii. №5, 2006// https:// cyberleninka.ru/article/n/virtualnaya-realnost-1/viewer. (in Russian)
Hardee G.M. Immersive Journalism in VR: Four Theoretical Domains for Researching a Narrative Design Framework.
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Saidova, M. (2021). VR content as a phenomenon of journalism transformation. Herald of Journalism, 59(1), 74–83. https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2021.v59.i1.08
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