Coverage of issues of national identification in the period of Russian empire and Soviet Soviet authority in the Kazakhstani press
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2023.v68.i2.09Abstract
The article focuses on the reflection in Kazakh publications of the problems of national identification and identity during the period of Russian empire and Soviet Soviet authority. The author seeks to comprehend the national significance of the problems involved in the context of world experience.
During the periods covered in the article, the Kazakh people experienced the most terrible tragedies. So, in the XVIII-XIX centuries, Russian empire pursued a colonial policy on the Kazakh land. The article clarifies that the Soviet government continued the policy of Russian empire in the land issue.
The truth in the Soviet historical textbooks and literature was not told. Kazakh journalism under the influence of Soviet ideology was also powerless.
The demands of independence necessitated the assessment of the reality of national identification and identity in national journalism.
The goal set by the author is to identify the development and formation of Kazakh journalism, to reveal in republican publications the principles and methods, forms of covering issues of national interests.
The research idea of the article takes a step towards a comprehensive solution of the problems of national identification and identity in the republican press. This determines the scientific novelty of the article.
The results of the work are concretized in the course of understanding the materials published in the press as part of the Kazakh people's desire for national identification and identity within the framework of the formation and development of consciousness at the stages of the Russian Empire and Soviet authority.
The article uses the methodology of genesis and typological analysis, comparative study of historical data.
The materials of the article can be used in the preparation of general and special courses in journalism, political science and other social disciplines.
This article is an integral part of research on the theory and practice of Kazakh journalism and is included in the research plan of the Khoja Ahmed Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University.
Keywords: tragedy of the nation, Russian empire, Soviet authority, Stalinism, communist ideology, December tragedy.
References
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23. Нүсіпхан Айтан. Заман және зиялы. Уақыт сауалы // Ана тілі. 1998. 10 қыркүйек.
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30. Солжиницын А. Архипелаг ГУЛАГ (опыт художественного исследования). Том І, ІІ, ІІІ. –Москва: Советский писатель. -1989.
31. Такер Р. Сталин: путь к власти. 1879-1929. История и личность. Пер.с. англ. / Общая ред. и послесл. В.С. Лельчука. – Моксва, 1990. – 480 с.; Осмыслить культ Сталина. – М.: Прогресс. 1989. – 656 с.
32. Уәлиханов Ш. Таңдамалы шығармалар. – Алматы, 1980. – 97 б.
33. Шарипов С. Екі томдық шығармалар жинағы, -Т. 2. -Алматы, 1982. – 202 б.
34. Shendel W, Zurcher E. Identity Politics in Central Asia and the Muslim World. Nationalism, Ethnicity and labor in 20 Century. New York: I.R. TAURIS Publishers; 2001.
35. Shukman H. The Russian Revolution. 1891-1924. London: Pimliko; 1997.
36. Hantington S. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. Мoscow: АСТ; 2003.
37. Joanna Lillis. Kazakhstan’s Bloody December. | Published in History Today Volume 68 Issue 12 December.
https://www.historytoday.com/archive/feature/kazakhstan%E2%80%99s-bloody-december
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8. Brutskus BD. Socialist economy. Theoretical thoughts about the Russian experience. Paris: Quest; 1988.
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10. Vosstanie twzemcev v Sredney Azii. [Uprising of natives in Central Asia]. –Kzıl-Orda, 1927. S.46-47.
11. D.Acnson. Virgin and idle lands Program Repraised // Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Vol.52.№1 (March, 1962.- p.73).
12. d’Agostino A. Emerging from Communism. Lessons from Russia, China and Eastern Europe. Cambridge: The MIT Press; 1988.
13. Dwlatov M. Shıgarmaları. Olender, qara sozder, kosemsoz. [Works. Poems, black words, proverbs]. – Qazaq SSR Gılım akad., Awezov atın. Adebiet jane oner ins-tı; Qurast. M.Apsemetov, G.Dwlatova. Algı sozin jazgan J.Ismagulov. – Almaty: Jazshı, 1991. – 308-319 bb.
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15. Zhelev J. Fascism. The totalitarian power. Dialogue. 1991; 6:31-42.
16. Ibragim Shamsat. Qazaqstan Rossiyaga oz erkimen qosıldı ma?.. [Did Kazakhstan join Russia voluntarily?] // Qazaq adebieti. 1990. 23 mamır; Zenkovsky S.A. Pan-Turkism and Islam in Russia. [Pan-Turkism and Islam in Russia]. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press,1960.-p.46
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18. Kapqızı E. Spabek Asip: sheteldikterdi tayrandatıp qoygan son, qazaq qaydan onadı. [Asip: after alienating foreigners, where will the Kazakh recover]. // Qazaq adebieti. 2018. 20 sawir.
19. Qazaqtar oz atınan qalay ayırıldı? A.Levshin: «Bura tartıp, adilettilikten attamayıq» // ["Let's not turn away from justice"],Qazaqstan kommwnisi. 1991. №5. – 47-50 better.
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35. Shukman H. The Russian Revolution. 1891-1924. London: Pimliko; 1997.
36. Hantington S. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. Мoscow: АСТ; 2003.
37. Joanna Lillis. Kazakhstan’s Bloody December. | Published in History Today Volume 68 Issue 12 December. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/feature/kazakhstan%E2%80%99s-bloody-december
2. Алтынсарин Ы. Таңдамалы шығармалар. – Алматы, -1957. –307 б.
3. Arendt H. The Origins of Totalitarism. HBJ; 1979.
4. Avtorkhanov A. Empire of the Kremlin. Soviet type of colonialism. West Germany: Prometheus-Ferlak; 1988.
5. Балғабаев С. Қызыл кітапқа жазылатын халық //Қазақ әдебиеті. -1991. –17 шілде; Ағайынға айтарым //Қазақ әдебиеті. -1992. -10 көкек; Аллаберген Қ. Отарлау саясатының ойрандары. –Алматы: Рауан. -1993. 90 б.
6. Berlin I. Russian Thinkers. London: Penguin Books; 1979.
7. Brzezinski, Z. B. (1988). A great failure. The birth and death of communism in the twentieth century. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya.
8. Brutskus BD. Socialist economy. Theoretical thoughts about the Russian experience. Paris: Quest; 1988.
9. Catherine Putz. The diplomat. //1986: Kazakhstan’s Other Independence Anniversary. December 16, 2016. https://thediplomat.com/2016/12/1986-kazakhstans-other-independence-anniversary/
10. Восстание туземцев в Средней Азии. –Кзыл-Орда, 1927. С.46-47.
11. D. Aacnson. Virgin and idle lands Program Repraised // Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Vol.52.№1 (March, 1962.- p.73) Jackson O. The virgin and idle lands of Western Siberia and Kazakhstan: a geographical Appfaisal // The geographical Review. V.XLVI. №1 (January, 1956) -p.2.
12. d’Agostino A. Emerging from Communism. Lessons from Russia, China and Eastern Europe. Cambridge: The MIT Press; 1988.
13. Дулатов М. Шығармалары. Өлеңдер, қара сөздер, көсемсөз. Қазақ ССР Ғылым акад., Әуезов атын. Әдебиет және өнер инс-ты; Құраст. М.Әпсеметов, Г.Дулатова. Алғы сөзін жазған Ж.Ысмағұлов. – Алматы: Жазушы, 1991. – 308-319 бб.
14. Елубаев С. Нәубет. Мезгіл мінбесінен //Қазақ әдебиеті. -1988. -18 наурыз.
15. Zhelev J. Fascism. The totalitarian power. Dialogue. 1991; 6:31-42.
16. Ибраћим Ш. Қазақстан Россияға өз еркімен қосылды ма?.. //Қазақ әдебиеті. -1990. -23 мамыр; Zenkovsky S.A. Pan-Turkism and Islam in Russia. Cambridge: Harvard Univ.Press,1960.-p.46.
17. Carr EH. The Russian Revolution from Lenin to Stalin. 1917- 1929. Moscow: Inter-Verso; 1990.
18. Кәпқызы Е. Спабек Әсіп: шетелдіктерді тайраңдатып қойған соң, қазақ қайдан оңады // Қазақ әдебиеті. -2018. -20 сәуір.
19. Қазақтар өз атынан қалай айырылды? Левшин А. Бұра тартып, әділеттіліктен аттамайық // Қазақстан коммунисі. -1991. №5. – 47-50 бб.
20. //ҚазҰУ Хабаршысы. Журналистика сериясы. 1999. №7. – 12-13 бб.
21. Қозыбаев М. «Ақтаңдақтар» ақиқаты // Социалистік Қазақстан. -1988. -11 қыркүйек.
22. Қойгелдиев М. Саяси элита және ұлт мүддесі. Тарих. Таным // -Егемен Қазақстан. -1999. -26 ақпан.
23. Нүсіпхан Айтан. Заман және зиялы. Уақыт сауалы // Ана тілі. 1998. 10 қыркүйек.
24. Нұрпейісов К. Қазақ атын қалай қайтарып алды? //Қазақстан коммунисі. 1991. №6. – 40-41 бб.
25. Pipes R. History, socialism and reconstruction about Russian. Russia under the new regime. Dialogue. 1991; 5:71-83.
26. Рамазан Д. Қазақстан көпұлтты республика ма? Көзқарас //Қазақ әдебиеті. -1996. -28 мамыр.
27. Roy O. The New Central Asia. The Creation of Nations. New York; 2000.
28. Сапаргалиев Г. Карательная политика царизма в Казахстане. –Алма-Ата, 1966. – 317 с.
29. Сейфуллин С. Қазақты «қазақ» дейік, тарихи қатені түзетейік //Еңбекшіл қазақ. 1923. 15 ақпан.
30. Солжиницын А. Архипелаг ГУЛАГ (опыт художественного исследования). Том І, ІІ, ІІІ. –Москва: Советский писатель. -1989.
31. Такер Р. Сталин: путь к власти. 1879-1929. История и личность. Пер.с. англ. / Общая ред. и послесл. В.С. Лельчука. – Моксва, 1990. – 480 с.; Осмыслить культ Сталина. – М.: Прогресс. 1989. – 656 с.
32. Уәлиханов Ш. Таңдамалы шығармалар. – Алматы, 1980. – 97 б.
33. Шарипов С. Екі томдық шығармалар жинағы, -Т. 2. -Алматы, 1982. – 202 б.
34. Shendel W, Zurcher E. Identity Politics in Central Asia and the Muslim World. Nationalism, Ethnicity and labor in 20 Century. New York: I.R. TAURIS Publishers; 2001.
35. Shukman H. The Russian Revolution. 1891-1924. London: Pimliko; 1997.
36. Hantington S. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. Мoscow: АСТ; 2003.
37. Joanna Lillis. Kazakhstan’s Bloody December. | Published in History Today Volume 68 Issue 12 December.
https://www.historytoday.com/archive/feature/kazakhstan%E2%80%99s-bloody-december
References
1. Aimauytov Zh. Shygarmaları: Romandar, povest, angimeler, pesalar [Works]. – Almaty: Zhazushy, 1989. - 561b.
2. Altınsarin I. Tandamalı shygarmalar. [Selected works]. – Almaty, 1955. 307 b.
3. Arendt H. The Origins of Totalitarism. HBJ; 1979.
4. Avtorkhanov A. Empire of the Kremlin. Soviet type of colonialism. West Germany: Prometheus-Ferlak; 1988.
5. Balgabaev S. Kızıl kitapqa jazılatın xalıq [People who write in the Red Book] // Qazaq adebieti. 1991. –17 shilde; Agayınga aytarım [I will tell my brother] // Qazaq adebieti. 1992. 10 kokek; Allabergen Q. Otarlaw sayasatının oyrandarı [The ruins of the colonial policy] . –Almaty: Rau+an, 1993. -90 b.
6. Berlin I. Russian Thinkers. London: Penguin Books; 1979.
7. Bzezinski Z. B. A great failure. The birth and death of communism in the twentieth century. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya. [International relations]. 1988.
8. Brutskus BD. Socialist economy. Theoretical thoughts about the Russian experience. Paris: Quest; 1988.
9. Catherine Putz. The diplomat. //1986: Kazakhstan’s Other Independence Anniversary. December 16, 2016. https://thediplomat.com/2016/12/1986-kazakhstans-other-independence-anniversary/
10. Vosstanie twzemcev v Sredney Azii. [Uprising of natives in Central Asia]. –Kzıl-Orda, 1927. S.46-47.
11. D.Acnson. Virgin and idle lands Program Repraised // Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Vol.52.№1 (March, 1962.- p.73).
12. d’Agostino A. Emerging from Communism. Lessons from Russia, China and Eastern Europe. Cambridge: The MIT Press; 1988.
13. Dwlatov M. Shıgarmaları. Olender, qara sozder, kosemsoz. [Works. Poems, black words, proverbs]. – Qazaq SSR Gılım akad., Awezov atın. Adebiet jane oner ins-tı; Qurast. M.Apsemetov, G.Dwlatova. Algı sozin jazgan J.Ismagulov. – Almaty: Jazshı, 1991. – 308-319 bb.
14. Elubaev S. Naubet. Mezgil minbesinen [It's time. From the pulpit of the period]// Qazaq adebieti. 1988. 18 nawrız.
15. Zhelev J. Fascism. The totalitarian power. Dialogue. 1991; 6:31-42.
16. Ibragim Shamsat. Qazaqstan Rossiyaga oz erkimen qosıldı ma?.. [Did Kazakhstan join Russia voluntarily?] // Qazaq adebieti. 1990. 23 mamır; Zenkovsky S.A. Pan-Turkism and Islam in Russia. [Pan-Turkism and Islam in Russia]. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press,1960.-p.46
17. Carr EH. The Russian Revolution from Lenin to Stalin. 1917- 1929. Moscow: Inter-Verso; 1990.
18. Kapqızı E. Spabek Asip: sheteldikterdi tayrandatıp qoygan son, qazaq qaydan onadı. [Asip: after alienating foreigners, where will the Kazakh recover]. // Qazaq adebieti. 2018. 20 sawir.
19. Qazaqtar oz atınan qalay ayırıldı? A.Levshin: «Bura tartıp, adilettilikten attamayıq» // ["Let's not turn away from justice"],Qazaqstan kommwnisi. 1991. №5. – 47-50 better.
20. QazÜU Хаbarshysy. Zhurnalistika seriasy. [Journalism Series]. 1999. №7. – 12-13 bb.
21. Qozıbaev M. «Aqtandaqtar» akikatı. [The truth of "white people"]. //Socialistik Qazaqstan. 1988. 11 qırkuyek.
22. Qoygeldiev M. Sayasi elita jane ult muddesi. Tarix. Tanım [Political elite and national interest. History. Recognition]. // Egemen Qazaqstan. 1999. 26 aqpan.
23. Nusipxan Aytan. Zaman jane ziyalı. Waqıt sawalı. [Modern and intelligent. Question of time] //Ana tili. 1998. 10 qırkuyek.
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Sadykov, S. (2023). Coverage of issues of national identification in the period of Russian empire and Soviet Soviet authority in the Kazakhstani press. Herald of Journalism, 68(2), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2023.v68.i2.09
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