Media coverage of migration issues: media effects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2023.v69.i3.05Abstract
In the context of migration, the mass media play an important role in providing reliable information and shaping public opinion. The level of media coverage of the migration issue has a significant impact on the quality of information received by the audience, which in turn affects the perception of migration issues in society.
The purpose of this article is to study the impact of media publications on the topic of migration and "Kandas" in Kazakhstan and determine the level of influence.
The authors point out that media influence is a research paradigm that studies the consequences of media influence. However, conceptualizing the long-term impact of mass media on public opinion and stereotypes poses considerable challenges for researchers. Analysis of the media and social network materials, which form the methodological basis of scientific research, showed that in most of the media materials, pressing issues related to "kandas" are discussed, and the ways of solving the actual problems are presented through the opinions of experts. The "kandas" in China and Uzbekistan lack information about Kazakhstan. The linguistic, cultural and psychological conditions of "kandas" children in Kazakhstan are full of actual problems.
In the article, data collection, content analysis and comparison methods were used related to the "kandas" theme. The publications that served as the basis for the research show that the media has a great influence on the audience.
The results of the research allowed the authors to identify the common shortcomings characteristic of many materials: they are a lack of statistical data, not paying attention to the fact that the hero of the story is "kandas", giving in to emotions while touching on the complex social situation of citizens who returned to their historical homeland, publishing quick opinions that cause anger (social network materials), formation of negative attitudes about relatives (this leads to suspicion of migrants by police officers), etc. Publicizing the incident in the media may cause negative comments from social groups. Sometimes there are situations where discussions arise even on unrelated issues. Therefore, it is important to competently write about the issues of migration and "kandas" who have migrated to their homeland in the media. Informative and expert materials should be deeply analyzed, and professional responsibility and informational objectivity should be taken into account when creating a "kandas" image. This shows the practical importance of the research.
Key words: media effects, rhetorical analysis, migration, media, kandas.
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Жаңаберген Б. (2022) Қазақстандағы ең атақты оралмандар олар кімдер? QMonitor. [Электрондық ресурс] Қол жеткізу режимі: https://qmonitor.kz/society/4449
Лаханұлы Н. (2019) "Оралман" сөзін "қандас" деп өзгертпек. Шеттен келгендер мен сарапшылар пікірі. 13 желтоқсан. [Электрондық ресурс] Қол жеткізу режимі: https://www.azattyq.org/a/kazakhstan-what-to-call-the-kazakh-repatriates-oralman-or-kandas/30323177.html
Лаханулы Н.(2022) «Переехал ради детей». Репатрианты из Синьцзяна неохотно говорят о «лагерях перевоспитания».[Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа:https://rus.azattyq.org/a/31822246.html
Лаханулы Н. (2021)«Родственники плачут и умоляют забрать их». Всё больше афганских казахов просят о помощи. [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа:https://rus.azattyq.org/a/afghan-kazakhs-urge-to-evacuate-them-from-the-country/31459134.html
Маханов Б. (2023) Миграционные качели. Прибывших в Казахстан стало больше, выбывших – меньше. QMonitor. 2023. [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: https://qmonitor.kz/economics/4867
Муканова З.(2023) Скотоводство и взаимопомощь: чем занимаются «кандасы» на юго-востоке Казахстана? Vlast.kz. 2023. [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: https://vlast.kz/obsshestvo/54306-skotovodstvo-i-vzaimopomos-cem-zanimautsa-kandasy-na-ugo-vostoke-kazahstana.html
Такенов Д. (2023) Дилемма Казахстана: как балансировать между этнической и гражданской моделью идентичности? CABAR.asia. [Электронный ресурс] Режимдоступа: https://cabar.asia/ru/dilemma-kazahstana-kak-balansirovat-mezhdu-etnicheskoj-i-grazhdanskoj-modelyu-identichnosti
Халдарова, Д. (2023) На павлодарку завели уголовное дело за оскорбление «кандасов». [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: https://www.zakon.kz/obshestvo/6392372-na-pavlodarku-zaveli-ugolovnoe-delo-za-oskorblenie-kandasov.html
Dixon, T. L. (2008) Crime News and Racialized Beliefs: Understanding the Relationship Between Local News Viewing and Perceptions of African Americans and Crime. Journal of Communication, 58(1), 106–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00376.x
Heb, C. (2011) What Can Co-Ethnic Immigrants Tell Us About Ethnic Visions of the National Self? Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology & Sociology. 2 (1): 103-133.
Herda D.(2010) How many immigrants? Foreign-born population innumeracy in Europe. Public Opinion Quarterly. 74(4): 674-695.
Ho J. (2013) Do national feelings influence public attitudes towards immigration? J. Ethn. Migr. Stud. 39(9): 1461-77.
Kazakhstan Today.(2022) В Алматы «кандасов» подозревают в организации финпирамиды. [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: https://www.kt.kz/rus/crime/v_almaty_kandasov_podozrevayut_v_organizatsii_finpiramidy_1377940149.html
Kim K.C. (1999) Koreans in the hood: conflict with African Americans, JHU Press.. ISBN 978-0-8018-6104-8
Lippmann, W. (1997) Public Opinion. Free Press, New York/London.
Petty, Richard E; Cacioppo, John T. (1986) "The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion". 1986. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology: 124–125.
The Norman Lear Center. (2018) Immigration Nation. Exploring Immigrant Portrayals on Television. https://defineamerican.com/research/immigration-nation/
Transatlantic Trends. (2014) Transatlantic Trends: Mobility, Migration and Integration. German Marshall Fund of the United States.
Vlast.kz. (2023) В Казахстане законодательнов вели термин ««кандас»» вместо «оралман». 2023. [Электронды ресурс] Режим доступа: https://vlast.kz/novosti/39545-v-kazahstane-zakonodatelno-vveli-termin-kandas-vmesto-oralman.html
Inbusiness.kz,(2020) [Электронды ресурс] https://inbusiness.kz/kz/news/kandas-sozinen-bas-tartu-usynyldy
Қазақстанда жыл сайын құлдықтан 100-ден астам адам құтқарылады. [Электронды ресурс] https://factcheck.kz/kaz/basty-bet1/shyndyk-kazakstanda-zhyl-sajyn-kuldyktan-100-den-astam-adam-kutkarylady/
Оралмандар сатқын ба? [Электронды ресурс] https://www.facebook.com/FreeKazakhs/posts/pfbid0HM2Q6tECJ8FPqsrRGJmLP1JgrV199Nb99FgCnDrbjcjL1gJepiGERjAeyfTQAqFAl]
Шетелдегі қандас қазақ баласын Қазақстанға қалай тарта аламыз? / Отандастар қоры ояу ма? [Электронды ресурс] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUMOOCr4-qk
Ауғанстанда көп қазақ қалды. [Электронды ресурс] https://sputnik.kz/society/20210923/18209854/Auganstan-kandastar-akmola.html
Атажұртқа оралған қандастар қай жерге орналасты. [Электронды ресурс] https://sputnik.kz/society/20220114/19143465/kandastar-resmi-malimet.html
Ираннан Қазақстанның солтүстігіне қоныс аударған қандастар көмек сұрап жатыр [Электронды ресурс] https://sputnik.kz/regions/20211002/18297744/Iran-qandastar-komek.html
Закон.кз[Электронды ресурс] https://www.zakon.kz.4498918-v-almaty-mnogo-priezzhihk-kotorye.html/
Литература
Альжанова А.Б. Трудовая миграция и СМИ. Серия Журналистики, [S.l.], v. 37, n. 1, p. 132-136, june 2020. ISSN 2617-7978.
Байхожа Ж. Советские оралманы: как СССР возвращал казахов из Китая. QMonitor. 2022.[Электронныйресурс] Режим доступа: https://qmonitor.kz/society/4434
Бассарова, Д. Более 3 тыс. этнических казахов получили статус «кандаса» с начала 2023 года. Курсив. 2023. [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: https://kz.kursiv.media/2023-03-13/lsbs-kandasy-rk2/
Жанаберген, Б. Кто они, самые известные в Казахстане оралманы? QMonitor. 2022.[Электронныйресурс] Режим доступа: https://qmonitor.kz/society/4449
Лаханулы Н. «Переехал ради детей». Репатрианты из Синьцзяна неохотно говорят о «лагерях перевоспитания». 2022.[Электронныйресурс] Режим доступа:https://rus.azattyq.org/a/31822246.html
Лаханулы Н. «Родственники плачут и умоляют забрать их». Всё больше афганских казахов просят о помощи. 2021.[Электронныйресурс] Режим доступа:https://rus.azattyq.org/a/afghan-kazakhs-urge-to-evacuate-them-from-the-country/31459134.html
Маханов, Б. Миграционные качели. Прибывших в Казахстан стало больше, выбывших – меньше. QMonitor. 2023. [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: https://qmonitor.kz/economics/4867
Муканова, З. Скотоводство и взаимопомощь: чем занимаются «кандас»ы на юго-востоке Казахстана? Vlast.kz. 2023. [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: https://vlast.kz/obsshestvo/54306-skotovodstvo-i-vzaimopomos-cem-zanimautsa-kandasy-na-ugo-vostoke-kazahstana.html
Негизбаева М.О..; Дудинова Е.И. Локализация образовательной миграции в контексте адаптивной функции медиа. Серия Журналистики, [S.l.], v. 68, n. 2, p. 59-70, june 2023. ISSN 2617-7978. doi: https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2023.v68.i2.06.
Такенов Д. Дилемма Казахстана: как балансировать между этнической и гражданской моделью идентичности? CABAR.asia. 2023. [Электронныйресурс] Режимдоступа: https://cabar.asia/ru/dilemma-kazahstana-kak-balansirovat-mezhdu-etnicheskoj-i-grazhdanskoj-modelyu-identichnosti
Халдарова, Д. На павлодарку завели уголовное дело за оскорбление «кандас»ов. 2023. [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: https://www.zakon.kz/obshestvo/6392372-na-pavlodarku-zaveli-ugolovnoe-delo-za-oskorblenie-kandasov.html
Dixon, T. L. Crime News and Racialized Beliefs: Understanding the Relationship Between Local News Viewing and Perceptions of African Americans and Crime. Journal of Communication, 2008, 58(1), 106–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00376.x
Heb, C. What Can Co-Ethnic Immigrants Tell Us About Ethnic Visions of the National Self? Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology & Sociology. 2011. 2 (1): 103-133.
Herda, D. How many immigrants? Foreign-born population innumeracy in Europe. Public Opinion Quarterly. 2010. 74(4): 674-695.
Ho, J. Do national feelings influence public attitudes towards immigration? J. Ethn. Migr. Stud. 2013. 39(9): 1461-77.
KazakhstanToday. В Алматы «кандас»ов подозревают в организации финпирамиды. 2022. [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: https://www.kt.kz/rus/crime/v_almaty_kandasov_podozrevayut_v_organizatsii_finpiramidy_1377940149.html
Kim, K.C. Koreans in the hood: conflict with African Americans, JHU Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-8018-6104-8
Lippmann, W. Public Opinion. Free Press, New York/London. 1997.
Petty, Richard E; Cacioppo, John T. "The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion". 1986. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology: 124–125.
The Norman Lear Center. Immigration Nation. Exploring Immigrant Portrayals on Television. 2018. https://defineamerican.com/research/immigration-nation/
Transatlantic Trends. Transatlantic Trends: Mobility, Migration and Integration. German Marshall Fund of the United States. 2014
Vlast.kz.(2023) В Казахстане законодательно ввели термин ««кандас»» вместо «оралман». 2023. [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: https://vlast.kz/novosti/39545-v-kazahstane-zakonodatelno-vveli-termin-kandas-vmesto-oralman.html
Inbusiness.kz,(2020) [Электронный ресурс] https://inbusiness.kz/kz/news/kandas-sozinen-bas-tartu-usynyldy
Қазақстанда жыл сайын құлдықтан 100-ден астам адам құтқарылады. [Электронный ресурс] https://factcheck.kz/kaz/basty-bet1/shyndyk-kazakstanda-zhyl-sajyn-kuldyktan-100-den-astam-adam-kutkarylady/
Оралмандар сатқын ба? [Электронный ресурс] https://www.facebook.com/FreeKazakhs/posts/pfbid0HM2Q6tECJ8FPqsrRGJmLP1JgrV199Nb99FgCnDrbjcjL1gJepiGERjAeyfTQAqFAl]
Шетелдегі қандас қазақ баласын Қазақстанға қалай тарта аламыз? / Отандастар қоры ояу ма? [Электронный ресурс] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUMOOCr4-qk
Ауғанстанда көп қазақ қалды. [Электронный ресурс] https://sputnik.kz/society/20210923/18209854/Auganstan-kandastar-akmola.html
Атажұртқа оралған қандастар қай жерге орналасты. [Электронный ресурс] https://sputnik.kz/society/20220114/19143465/kandastar-resmi-malimet.html
Ираннан Қазақстанның солтүстігіне қоныс аударған қандастар көмек сұрап жатыр [Электронный ресурс] https://sputnik.kz/regions/20211002/18297744/Iran-qandastar-komek.html
Закон.кз [Электронный ресурс] https://www.zakon.kz.4498918-v-almaty-mnogo-priezzhihk-kotorye.html/
References
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Bassarova, D. Boleye 3 tys. etnicheskikhkazakhovpoluchili status kandasa s nachala 2023 goda. [More than 3 thousand ethnic Kazakhs have received kandas status since the beginning of 2023.] Kursiv. 2023. [Electronic resource] Access mode: https://kz.kursiv.media/2023-03-13/lsbs-kandasy-rk2/
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Dixon, T. L. Crime News and Racialized Beliefs: Understanding the Relationship Between Local News Viewing and Perceptions of African Americans and Crime. Journal of Communication, 2008, 58(1), 106–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00376.x
Heb, C. What Can Co-Ethnic Immigrants Tell Us About Ethnic Visions of the National Self? Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology & Sociology. 2011. 2 (1): 103-133.
Herda, D. How many immigrants? Foreign-born population innumeracy in Europe. Public Opinion Quarterly. 2010. 74(4): 674-695.
Ho, J. Do national feelings influence public attitudes towards immigration? J. Ethn. Migr. Stud. 2013. 39(9): 1461-77.
Kazakhstan Today. V Almaty kandasovpodozrevayut v organizatsiifinpiramidy.[In Almaty, Kandas are suspected of organizing a financial pyramid]. 2022. [Electronic resource] Access mode: https://www.kt.kz/rus/crime/v_almaty_kandasov_podozrevayut_v_organizatsii_finpiramidy_1377940149.html
Khaldarova, D. Na pavlodarkuzaveliugolovnoyedelo za oskorbleniyekandasov. [A criminal case was opened against Pavlodar for insulting the Kandas]. 2023. [Electronic resource] Access mode: https://www.zakon.kz/obshestvo/6392372-na-pavlodarku-zaveli-ugolovnoe-delo-za-oskorblenie-kandasov.html
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Lakhanuly N. “Rodstvennikiplachutiumolyayutzabrat' ikh”. Vsobol'sheafganskikhkazakhovprosyat o pomoshchi[“The relatives are crying and begging to be taken away.” More and more Afghan Kazakhs are asking for help]. 2021. [Electronic resource] Access mode: https://rus.azattyq.org/a/afghan-kazakhs-urge-to-evacuate-them-from-the-country/31459134.html
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Negizbayeva, M. O.; Dudinova, E. I. Lokalizatsiyaobrazovatel'noymigratsiivkonteksteadaptivnoyfunktsiimedia. [Localization of educational migration in the context of the adaptive function of media]. Серия Журналистики, [S.l.], v. 68, n. 2, p. 59-70, june 2023. ISSN 2617-7978. doi: https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2023.v68.i2.06.
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Takenov D. Dilemma Kazakhstana: kakbalansirovat' mezhduetnicheskoyigrazhdanskoymodel'yuidentichnosti? [The dilemma of Kazakhstan: how to balance between the ethnic and civic models of identity?] CABAR.asia. 2023. [Electronic resource] Access mode: https://cabar.asia/ru/dilemma-kazahstana-kak-balansirovat-mezhdu-etnicheskoj-i-grazhdanskoj-modelyu-identichnosti
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More than 100 people are saved from slavery in Kazakhstan every year. [Electronic resource] https://factcheck.kz/kaz/basty-bet1/shyndyk-kazakstanda-zhyl-sajyn-kuldyktan-100-den-astam-adam-kutkarylady/
Are «oralmans” traitors? [Electronic resource] https://www.facebook.com/FreeKazakhs/posts/pfbid0HM2Q6tECJ8FPqsrRGJmLP1JgrV199Nb99FgCnDrbjcjL1gJepiGERjAeyfTQAqFAl]
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“Kandastar” who migrated from Iran to the north of Kazakhstan are asking for help [Electronic resource] https://sputnik.kz/regions/20211002/18297744/Iran-qandastar-komek.html
Закон.кз[Electronic resource] https://www.zakon.kz.4498918-v-almaty-mnogo-priezzhihk-kotorye.html/
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How to Cite
Shyngyssova, N. T., Kerimbek, Z. S., Ashimova, A. B., & Alkozhayeva, A. S. (2023). Media coverage of migration issues: media effects. Herald of Journalism, 69(3), 52–65. https://doi.org/10.26577/HJ.2023.v69.i3.05
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Journalism: Society. Language. History. Policy. Law. Economy.
